Table 5.

Summary of the main molecular traits and differential expression of genes triggering and related to perturbations in the energetic metabolism in Pectoralis major muscles (PM) exhibiting myopathic conditions.

Main findings	References
Molecular traits
↓ intermediates and ↓ end products of the glycolytic pathway	Abasht et al., 2016; Malila et al., 2019; Soglia et al., 2019b; Baldi et al., 2020
≠ enzymes related to glycolysis: ↑ lactate dehydrogenase, ↑ glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase ↑ glycogen phosphorylase ↓ magnesium-dependent enzymes	Zambonelli et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2020
↓ proteins related to glycogen degradation, pyruvate to lactate conversion, tricarboxylic acid cycle	Kuttappan et al., 2017
shunt from the glycolytic pathway toward amino acids catabolism and lipid oxidation to produce energy	Abasht et al., 2016
↑ synthesis of molecules composing ECM including proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins	Abasht et al., 2016; Zambonelli et al., 2016; Papah et al., 2018
↑ metabolites involved in pentose phosphate pathway	Abasht et al., 2016
↑ long- and ↑ medium-chain and ↑ monounsaturated fatty acids	Soglia et al., 2016a; Abasht et al., 2016; Boerboom et al., 2018; Gratta et al., 2019
Gene expression
shunt from the glycolytic pathway toward amino acids catabolism and lipid oxidation to produce energy	Zambonelli et al., 2016; Papah et al., 2018; Pampouille et al., 2019; Brothers et al., 2019; Lake and Abasht, 2020
↑ glycolytic activity in WS affected muscle	Malila et al., 2019
↓ genes encoding for glycolytic enzymes in WB and WS/WB	Zambonelli et al., 2016; Papah et al., 2018; Pampouille et al., 2018; Malila et al., 2019
↑ genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway	Zambonelli et al., 2016; Pampouille et al., 2019
↓ bioenergetic capacity of the PM	Papah et al., 2018
≠ Fiber-typing	Mutryn et al., 2015; Zambonelli et al., 2016; Lake et al., 2019; Papah and Abasht, 2019;
↑ genes involved in lipid uptake and transport	Papah et al., 2018; Brothers et al., 2019; Papah and Abasht, 2019; Marchesi et al., 2019
≠ lipid metabolism	Brothers et al., 2019; Papah and Abasht, 2019; Lake et al., 2019
↑ genes involved in adipogenesis	Marchesi et al., 2019

Abbreviations: ECM, extracellular matrix; WS, White Striping; WB, Wooden Breast.