Table 1.
A summary of the most recent evidences of drugs targeting the microenvironment in ALL.
| Drug | Relevant effects | Clinical Trials | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prodrugs | |||
| PR104 | Hypoxia condition: hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity via DNA crosslinking |
– | (107–109) |
| Nelarabine | Normoxia condition: | NCT00501826 | (110–117) |
| Cell growth blockage | NCT03020030 | ||
| ALL sensitization improvement to other drugs (AraG) | |||
| OBI-3424 | Cytotoxic activity | NCT04315324 | (118) |
| Prolongation the event-free survival | |||
| Disease regression | |||
| HIF inhibitors | |||
| Echinomycin | Improvement of the survival of mouse models | – | (119) |
| Cell growth blockage | |||
| Proteasome inhibitors | |||
| Bortezomib (Velcade™) | Apoptosis induction Activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 |
– | (126–133) |
| Angiogenesis pathway inhibition | |||
| Stimulation of HDAC inhibitors activity | |||
| Alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential | |||
| Carfilzomib | Apoptosis and autophagy induction | (134–137) | |
| Minimal Residue Disease response improvement |