Table 1.

Descriptive ultrasound findings and clinical evaluation of the study participants.

	Sarcopenia (+)	Sarcopenia (-)	p-value
	(shoulder = 112)	(shoulder = 112)
Positive ultrasound findings
Biceps medial subluxation (number, %)	0 (0.00%)	2 (1.78%)	0.156
	(0.00–0.00%)	(-0.70–4.27%)
Subscapularis tendon tear (number, %)	4 (3.57%)	2 (1.78%)	0.408
	(0.08–7.06%)	(-0.70–4.27%)
Subscapularis tendon calcification (number, %)	17 (15.17%)	13 (11.60%)	0.433
	(8.43–21.93%)	(5.58–17.63%)
Subdeltoid bursitis (number, %)	4 (3.57%)	5 (4.46%)	0.734
	(0.08–7.06%)	(0.58–8.34%)
Supraspinatus tendon full thickness tear (number, %)	7 (6.25%)	5 (4.46%)	0.553
	(1.69–10.80%)	(0.58–8.34%)
Supraspinatus tendon partial thickness tear (number, %)	2 (1.78%)	0 (0.00%)	0.156
	(-0.70–4.27%)	(0.00–0.00%)
Supraspinatus tendon calcification (number, %)	18 (16.07%)	17 (15.17%)	0.854
	(9.16–22.98%)	(8.43–21.93%)
Infraspinatus tendon tear (number, %)	2 (1.78%)	1 (0.89%)	0.561
	(-0.70–4.27%)	(-0.87–2.66%)
Infraspinatus tendon calcification (number, %)	6 (5.35%)	6 (5.35%)	1.000
	(1.12–9.59%)	(1.12–9.59%)
Clinical evaluation
Presence of pain (number, %)	28 (25.00%)	12 (10.71%)	0.005*
	(16.86–33.14%)	(4.89–16.53%)
Pain domain of SPADI (mean ± SD)	1.49 ± 3.15	0.49 ± 1.78	0.004*
	(0.90–2.08)	(0.15–0.82)
Function domain of SPADI (mean ± SD)	0.34 ± 1.12	0.12 ± 0.61	0.068
	(0.13–0.55)	(<0.01–0.24)
Total score of SPADI (mean ± SD)	0.78 ± 1.66	0.26 ± 1.02	0.005*
	(0.47–1.10)	(0.07–0.45)

Continuous variables are given as mean ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. Categorical variables are given as number (percentage) and 95% confidence interval. SPADI, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. SPADI (total) = [SPADI (pain) *0.5+SPADI (function)*0.8] * (10/13). P-values pertain to between-group comparisons.

^*Indicates p < 0.05.