Table 1.

Statistical results of the LME model showing the effect on airspeed (V_a) of the rate of change of altitude (V_z), land cover, altitude ASL and the interaction between V_z and altitude (LME model: $R_m^2=0.27$, $R_c^2=0.62$). The model was executed with standardized (centred and scaled) variables to compare the magnitude of their effects. A higher estimate shows an effect of greater magnitude (V_z). Raw estimates (unstandardized) are given in the left column to allow quantitative interpretation of these effects.

	estimate (unstd.)	estimate (std.)	s.e.	t-value	χ2	p-value
(intercept)	16.182	20.089	0.311	64.624	NA	NA
Vz	−1.239	−1.323	0.017	−77.579	5915.680	<0.001
land cover (woodlands)	−0.165	−0.165	0.046	−3.619	13.099	<0.001
altitude	0.008	0.310	0.028	10.908	116.953	<0.001
Vz: altitude	−0.004	−0.187	0.018	−10.544	111.185	<0.001