Table 3.
Comparison of anxiety symptoms, worry, and resilience between PLWH and HIV-uninfected participants during the COVID-19 pandemica
| Total (N = 196) | HIV statusb | t | P | OR, 95% CIc | χ2 | P | AOR, 95% CIc,d | χ2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (N = 116) | Negative (N = 80) | ||||||||||
| GAD-7 | 4.9 ± 5.8 | 3.6 ± 5.1 | 6.8 ± 6.2 | 3.92 | < 0.0001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Anxiety symptoms | 18.9% | 12.9% | 27.5% | – | – | 0.39, 0.18–0.81 | 6.31 | 0.012 | 0.38, 0.17–0.85 | 5.51 | 0.018 |
| COVID-19 worry | 7.2 ± 3.2 | 6.8 ± 3.2 | 7.9 ± 3.0 | 2.30 | 0.023 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| High levels of worry | 71.4% | 64.7% | 81.3% | – | – | 0.42, 0.21–0.83 | 6.21 | 0.013 | 0.37, 0.18–0.80 | 6.42 | 0.011 |
| BRS | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 2.17 | 0.031 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| High Resilience | 49.0% | 56.0% | 38.8% | – | – | 2.01, 1.13–3.60 | 5.59 | 0.018 | 1.97, 1.05–3.73 | 4.41 | 0.035 |
AOR adjusted odds ratio, BRS Brief Resilience Scale, GAD-7 General Anxiety Disorder-7, PLWH people living with HIV
Bolded values denote statistical significance (P < 0.05)
aAnxiety symptoms were measured by the GAD-7, with scores ≥ 10 considered the presence of anxiety symptoms. COVID-19-related worry was measured with a scale of 1 to 10, with scores of ≥ 6 considered high levels of worry. Resilience was measured with the BRS, with scores of ≥ 3.4 considered as high resilience
bT-test were performed to compare distribution of GAD-7, worry (1 to 10), and BRS scores
cLogistic regressions were performed with HIV-uninfected individuals set as reference group
dEstimates are adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, housing, and employment)