Table 2:

Redistributive effect of health financing in South Africa, 2010/2011

Finance mechanism	Share in total financing (%)	$\text{RE}$	$V$	$H$	$R$	$\left(\frac{V}{\text{RE}}\right)\text{\%}$	$\left(\frac{H}{\text{RE}}\right)\text{\%}$	$\left(\frac{R}{\text{RE}}\right)\text{\%}$
Direct taxes	21.5	0.7183** (0.0285)	0.7282** (0.0286)	0.0046** (0.0009)	0.0053** (0.0003)	101.4	0.6	0.7
Indirect taxes	16.7	− 0.2517** (0.0098)	−0.2491** (0.0097)	0.0012** (0.0003)	0.0014** (0.0001)	99.0	− 0.5	− 0.6
Total taxes	38.2	0.4780** (0.0274)	0.4892** (0.0274)	0.0053** (0.0009)	0.0058** (0.0003)	102.3	1.1	1.2
Private health insurance	49.9	1.0293** (0.0700)	1.1889** (0.0754)	0.0641** (0.0041)	0.0955** (0.0092)	115.5	6.2	9.3
Out-of-pocket payments	12.0	− 0.0853** (0.0252)	− 0.0647* (0.0262)	0.0097** (0.0012)	0.0109** (0.0015)	75.8	− 11.3	− 12.8
Overall health care payments		1.5188** (0.0869)	1.7345** (0.0929)	0.0880** (0.0050)	0.1277** (0.0109)	114.2	5.8	8.4

The share in total health financing adds up to 100.1% due to approximations

Bootstrapped standard errors using 500 replications are presented in parenthesis

The values of DJA parameters: $\nu =1.5$ and $\epsilon =0.4$

The values of $\text{RE}$, $V$, $H$ and $R$ have been multiplied by 100 to enhance readability

DJA Duclos–Jalbert–Araar, $H$ horizontal effect, $R$ reranking, $\mathit{RE}$ redistributive effect, $V$ vertical effect

*Statistically significant at the 5% level

** Statistically significant at the 1% level