Table 2. Characteristics of US Food and Drug Administration–Approved Drugs.

Drug	Drug class	Patient enrollment	Approval indication	ASCO-VF category (score)a
Afatinib	Targeted	7894	Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR variant	Low value (33.6)
Blinatumomab	Immunotherapy	1582	Philadelphia chromosome–relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL	Low value (29.0)
Elotuzumab	Immunotherapy	3834	Multiple myeloma, received prior therapies	Low value (24.0)
Idelalisib	Targeted	2513	Refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia	Substantial value (72.0)b
Liposomal irinotecan	Cytotoxic	944	Metastatic adenocarcinoma of pancreas	Low value (33.0)
Moxetumomab pasudotox	Immunotherapy	157	Relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia	No completed comparative RCT
Necitumumab	Targeted	2315	First-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC	Low value (16.0)
Obinutuzumab	Immunotherapy	6058	Previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia	Substantial value (65.6)
Pexidartinib	Targeted	908	Symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor	No completed comparative RCT
Ramucirumab	Targeted	7498	Advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma after prior chemotherapy	Low value (22.4)
Trametinib	Targeted	3776	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF variation	Intermediate value (44.0)
Vemurafenib	Targeted	4655	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF variation	Substantial value (59.2)
Ziv-aflibercept	Targeted	5779	Metastatic colorectal cancer	Low value (18.3)

Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic lymphoma; ASCO-VF, American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer; RCT, randomized clinical trial.

^aBased on scoring of ASCO scores of the earliest trial assessed in the study by Saluja et al²⁰; low (≤40), intermediate (>40 to <45), substantial (≥45) value score interpretation by Cherny et al.²¹

^bApproved for 2 different indications (non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) on the same date; for the purposes of our analysis, we counted this as a single first approval and used the date of submission of the New Drug Application for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as this was submitted prior to that of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The ASCO-VF score is for a phase 3 trial in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which was the only phase 3 trial performed at the time of approval.