Table 1.

Variants significantly associated with GDM in meta-analysis of 23 studies after the Bonferroni correction (P < 5 × 10⁻⁴)

SNP	CHR	POS	Nearest gene	Risk allele	Other allele	OR (95% CI)	P	Het I2	Het P	Effective sample size	Number of studies
rs4402960	3	185,511,687	IGF2BP2	T	G	1.09 (1.04–1.13)	5.1 × 10−5	52.1	0.022	20,388	11
rs1470579	3	185,529,080	IGF2BP2	C	A	1.14(1.08–1.21)	5.4 × 10−6	81.5	4.5 × 10−3	11,413	3
rs7754840	6	20,661,250	CDKAL1	C	G	1.15 (1.10–1.20)	2.0 × 10−10	83.2	1.1 × 10−7	19,779	9
rs7756992	6	20,679,709	CDKAL1	G	A	1.15 (1.10–1.21)	1.3 × 10−8	72.8	5.5 × 10−4	17,283	8
rs7041847	9	4,287,466	GLIS3	A	G	1.13 (1.06–1.20)	6.6 x10−5	0	0.959	7650	2
rs7034200	9	4,289,050	GLIS3	A	C	1.12(1.06–1.17)	1.3 × 10−5	30	0.232	13,549	4
rs2383208	9	22,132,076	CDKN2A/2B	A	G	1.15 (1.07–1.24)	1.9 × 10−4	32.8	0.222	9065	2
rs10811661	9	22,134,094	CDKN2A/2B	T	C	1.16(1.09–1.23)	1.0 × 10−6	69.2	1.1 × 10−3	17,500	9
rs1111875	10	94,462,882	HHEX/IDE	C	T	1.09 (1.04–1.14)	4.2 x10−4	58	0.036	15,395	6
rs5015480	10	94,465,559	HHEX/IDE	C	T	1.15 (1.09–1.22)	1.2 × 10−6	40.3	0.137	12,134	6
rs4506565	10	114,756,041	TCF7L2	T	A	1.20 (1.13–1.28)	2.7 × 10−9	82.9	2.9 × 10−3	9513	3
rs7903146	10	114,758,349	TCF7L2	T	C	1.16(1.10–1.22)	6.1 × 10−8	75.5	4.3 × 10−4	15,782	7
rs12255372	10	114,808,902	TCF7L2	T	G	1.14(1.06–1.22)	2.1 × 10−4	79	7.6 × 10−4	11,631	5
rs1387153	11	92,673,828	MTNR1B	T	C	1.22 (1.15–1.29)	2.8 × 10−11	20.9	0.276	11,705	6
rs10830963	11	92,708,710	MTNR1B	G	C	1.24 (1.19–1.29)	4.1 × 10−26	74.8	3.6 × 10−6	24,237	14
rs7957197	12	121,460,686	HNF1A	T	A	1.15 (1.07–1.24)	1.3 × 10−4	61.7	0.05	12,939	4

CHR, chromosome; CI, confidence interval; Het, heterogeneity; OR, odds ratio; POS, position in GRCh37/hg19; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. Meta-analysis was performed with fixed-effect inverse-variance weighting using METAL [89]. Variants with genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸ ) are shown in bold. Detailed results of individual contributing studies are in the Supplementary Table