Table 1.

Factors influencing the catalytic properties of nanomaterials.

Factors	Explanation	Ref.
NP size	In most cases, the catalytic activity of NPs is inversely related to the size of NPs	[22]
NP shape	As the spatial distribution of the NPs increases, the number of surface atoms becomes more available which result in the enhancement of the catalytic activity	[22]
NP distribution	NPs with many edges and corners, such as tetrahedral, octahedral, and cubic, as the ratio of surface to volume increases more than other NPs, these nanomaterials show more catalytic activities.	[23]
NP supports	The solid substrate can be used for immobilization of NPs to prevent the NPs from accumulating and their so-called agglomeration and increase their catalytic activity	[24]
Reaction conditions	When NPs react under microwave conditions, the catalytic activity and selectivity over normal conditions (reflux) are greatly improved.	[25]