Figure 2. Selective enrichment of S2-specific responses across COVID-19 patients.

(A–C) Volcano plots of pairwise comparisons across pairs of each of the three groups highlight differences across groups controlling for age, BMI, heart, lung and kidney diseases. The volcano plots include comparisons of (A) individuals that passed away within 28 days (deceased) vs. severe survivors; (B) subjects who experienced moderate disease vs. severe survivors; (C) subjects who ultimately passed away (deceased) vs. subjects who developed moderate disease. The x-axis represents the t value of the full model, and the y-axis denotes the p values by likelihood ratio test comparing the null model and full model. The null/full model represents the association between each individual measurement (response) and all collected clinical information with/without disease severity (see methods). The horizontal gray dashed line denotes the p-value equals 0.05, and the vertical gray dashed line denotes a manually selected threshold (t values = 2).