Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of studies in the pooled analysis of n-3 fatty acid biomarkers with 65,147 participants and 16,693 incident cases of T2D
| Study | Country | Study design | Baseline year | Total N/n diabetes cases | Maximum follow-up, years | Age, years | Women, % | BMI, kg/m2 | Biomarker compartment | Fatty acids assessed, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGES-R | Iceland | Prospective cohort | 2002–2006 | 753/28 | 7.8 | 75.5 (5.2) | 59.5 | 27.0 (4.0) | Plasma phospholipids | 41 |
| AOC | The Netherlands | Prospective cohort | 2002–2006 | 779/38 | 4.8 | 68.9 (5.6) | 20.8 | 27.3 (3.6) | Plasma phospholipids | 38 |
| ARIC | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 1987–1989 | 3,273/512 | 9.0 | 54.4 (5.9) | 45.5 | 26.0 (4.6) | Plasma phospholipids | 29 |
| CCCC | Taiwan | Prospective cohort | 1992–1995 | 1,443/651 | 10.4 | 60.1 (10.1) | 43.2 | 23.1 (3.3) | Total plasma | 29 |
| CHS | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 1992–1993 | 3,007/291 | 18.0 | 75.1 (5.3) | 59.8 | 26.4 (4.6) | Plasma phospholipids | 42 |
| EPIC-InterAct | 8 European countries | Prospective case-cohort | 1993–1997 | 27,296/12,132 | 17.5 | 52.3 (9.2) | 62.3 | 26.0 (4.2) | Plasma phospholipids | 37 |
| FDPS | Finland | Prospective cohort | 1993–1998 | 396/161 | 16.0 | 55.5 (7.2) | 67.9 | 31.1 (4.7) | Total serum | 30 |
| FHS | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 2005–2008 | 1,872/95 | 9.0 | 64.5 (8.3) | 57.5 | 27.7 (5.0) | Erythrocyte phospholipids | 33 |
| Hisayama | Japan | Prospective cohort | 2002–2003 | 2,172/222 | 7.0 | 58.5 (10.5) | 60.0 | 23.1 (3.2) | Total serum | 24 |
| HPFS | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 1994 | 1,491/108 | 20.2 | 64.5 (8.6) | 0.0 | 25.8 (3.2) | Total plasma, erythrocyte phospholipids | 37 |
| KIHD | Finland | Prospective cohort | 1984–1989 for men, 1998–2001 for women | 3,389/595 | 26.8 | 55.5 (7.1) | 29.5 | 27.1 (3.9) | Total serum | 14 |
| MCCS | Australia | Prospective case-cohort | 1990–1994 | 4,034/335 | 9.9 | 55.0 (8.6) | 55.5 | 26.7 (4.3) | Plasma phospholipids | 53 |
| MESA | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 2000–2002 | 2,099/285 | 11.2 | 61.0 (12.0) | 54.7 | 27.6 (5.4) | Plasma phospholipids | 27 |
| METSIM | Finland | Prospective cohort | 2006–2010 | 1,302/101 | 7.9 | 55.0 (5.6) | 0.0 | 26.4 (3.5) | Plasma phospholipids, erythrocyte phospholipids, cholesterol esters, triglycerides | 22 |
| NHS | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 1990 | 1,446/149 | 24.8 | 60.4 (6.4) | 100.0 | 25.3 (4.4) | Total plasma, erythrocyte phospholipids | 37 |
| PIVUS | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 2001–2004 | 872/69 | 10.9 | 70.2 (0.2) | 51.1 | 26.8 (4.1) | Plasma phospholipids, cholesterol ester | 16 |
| 3C | France | Prospective cohort | 1999–2000 | 1,218/83 | 13.0 | 74.4 (4.8) | 61.8 | 26.0 (4.0) | Total plasma | 35 |
| ULSAM-50 | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 1970–1973 | 1,899/249 | 42.3 | 49.7 (0.6) | 0.0 | 25.0 (3.2) | Cholesterol ester | 17 |
| ULSAM-70 | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 1991–1995 | 738/99 | 21.5 | 71.0 (0.6) | 0.0 | 26.2 (3.2) | Adipose tissue | 17 |
| WHIMS | U.S. | Prospective cohort | 1995 | 5,668/490 | 14.1 | 70.1 (3.8) | 100.0 | 28.1 (5.5) | Erythrocyte phospholipids | 22 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Studies with measurements in multiple lipid compartments included the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study, Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), and Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS). AOC, Alpha Omega Cohort; CCCC, Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort study; CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; Hisayama, Hisayama Study; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; KIHD, Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; METSIM, Metabolic Syndrome in Men Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; PIVUS, Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors.