Table 3.
Mediation models for newborn sum of skinfolds z-score and cord blood C-peptide z-score
| Maternal exposure | Newborn outcome | Direct effect: β (95% CI, P value) | Indirect effect: β (95% CI, P value) | Total effect: β (95% CI, P value) | Proportion mediated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome: Childhood BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Glucose sum of z-scores | Sum of skinfolds | 0.027 (−0.031 to 0.084, 0.36) | 0.019 (0.0087–0.030, <0.001) | 0.046 (−0.011 to 0.10, 0.11) | * |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.018 (−0.040 to 0.076, 0.55) | 0.013 (0.00096–0.026, 0.035) | 0.031 (−0.026 to 0.088, 0.29) | * | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Sum of skinfolds | 0.30 (0.27–0.33, <0.001) | 0.0079 (0.0035–0.012, <0.001) | 0.31 (0.28–0.34, <0.001) | 0.025 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.30 (0.27–0.33, <0.001) | 0.0032 (0.00012–0.0063, 0.042) | 0.31 (0.28–0.34, <0.001) | 0.01 | |
| Childhood BMI z-score | |||||
| Glucose sum of z-scores | Sum of skinfolds | 0.0043 (−0.012 to 0.021, 0.61) | 0.0054 (0.0023–0.0084, <0.001) | 0.0097 (−0.0067 to 0.026, 0.25) | * |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.00086 (−0.016 to 0.018, 0.92) | 0.0034 (−0.00021 to 0.0070, 0.065) | 0.0042 (−0.012 to 0.021, 0.62) | *^ | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Sum of skinfolds | 0.085 (0.077–0.093, <0.001) | 0.0022 (0.00093–0.0035, <0.001) | 0.087 (0.079–0.095, <0.001) | 0.025 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.086 (0.078–0.095, <0.001) | 0.00082 (−0.000077 to 0.0017, 0.073) | 0.087 (0.079–0.096, <0.001) | ^ | |
| Childhood fat mass (kg) | |||||
| Glucose sum of z-scores | Sum of skinfolds | 0.13 (0.022–0.24, 0.019) | 0.037 (0.018–0.057, <0.001) | 0.17 (0.061–0.27, 0.0021) | 0.22 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.097 (−0.012 to 0.21, 0.080) | 0.025 (0.0019–0.048, 0.034) | 0.12 (0.016–0.23, 0.024) | 0.21 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Sum of skinfolds | 0.47 (0.42–0.53, <0.001) | 0.015 (0.0071–0.024, <0.001) | 0.49 (0.44–0.54, <0.001) | 0.031 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.47 (0.41–0.52, <0.001) | 0.0058 (0.00020–0.011, 0.042) | 0.47 (0.42–0.53, <0.001) | 0.012 | |
| Childhood percentage body fat (%) | |||||
| Glucose sum of z-scores | Sum of skinfolds | 0.26 (0.11–0.40, <0.001) | 0.045 (0.019–0.071, <0.001) | 0.30 (0.16–0.45, <0.001) | 0.15 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.19 (0.047–0.34, 0.010) | 0.041 (0.0088–0.072, 0.012) | 0.23 (0.090–0.38, 0.0015) | 0.18 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Sum of skinfolds | 0.51 (0.44–0.59, <0.001) | 0.019 (0.0076–0.030, <0.001) | 0.53 (0.46–0.60, <0.001) | 0.036 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.52 (0.44–0.59, <0.001) | 0.0094 (0.0016–0.017, 0.018) | 0.53 (0.45–0.60, <0.001) | 0.018 | |
| Childhood sum of skinfolds (mm) | |||||
| Glucose sum of z-scores | Sum of skinfolds | 0.47 (0.17–0.78, 0.0023) | 0.085 (0.030–0.14, 0.0024) | 0.56 (0.26–0.86, <0.001) | 0.15 |
| Cord C-peptide | 0.34 (0.028–0.64, 0.033) | 0.082 (0.018–0.15, 0.012) | 0.42 (0.12–0.72, 0.0066) | 0.2 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Sum of skinfolds | 1.18 (1.030–1.34, <0.001) | 0.035 (0.012–0.058, 0.0029) | 1.22 (1.070–1.37, <0.001) | 0.029 |
| Cord C-peptide | 1.12 (0.97–1.28, <0.001) | 0.021 (0.0038–0.039, 0.017) | 1.14 (0.99–1.30, <0.001) | 0.018 | |
Values in boldface type are statistically significant.
*
Total effect not significant. ^Indirect effect not significant.