Table 1.
Antimalarial properties against P. falciparum K1 and 3D7 strains and the cytotoxicity of extracts and isolated compounds from D. bulbifera
| Samples | IC50 (μM/nMd) | CC50 (μM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| K1 | 3D7 | ||
| Ethanol extractc | 15.8 ± 3.18 | > 80 | > 80 |
| Water extractc | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| 8-Epidiosbulbin E acetate (1) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| 15,16-Epoxy-6α-O-acetyl-8β-hydroxy-19-nor-clero-13 (16),14-diene-17,12;18,2-diolide (2) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (3) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| 3,5-Dimethoxyquercetin (4) | 44.03 ± 1.47a,b | 70.79 ± 2.32a,b | > 80 |
| (+)-Catechin (5) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| Quercetin (6) | 28.47 ± 0.90a,b | 50.99 ± 7.28a,b | > 80 |
| Kaempferol (7) | 62.45 ± 1.33a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| Allantoin (8) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| 2,4,3′,5′-Tetrahydroxybibenzyl (9) | 39.99 ± 2.50a,b | 58.85 ± 4.31a,b | 16.71 |
| 2,4,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (10) | 58.34 ± 1.96a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| Myricetin (11) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| 5,7,4′-Trihydroxy-2-styrylchromone (12) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13) | > 80 | > 80 | > 80 |
| Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (14) | 48.33 ± 1.21a,b | 68.93 ± 4.31a,b | > 80 |
| Chloroquined | 103.2 ± 4.50 | 9.91 ± 0.56 | ND |
| Artesunated | 0.53 ± 0.04 | 1.81 ± 0.19 | ND |
| Doxorubicin | ND | ND | 1.96 ± 0.11 |
ND not determined
aStatistically significant difference between chloroquine and the sample, p < 0.05 (mean ± S.D. of three determinations)
bStatistically significant difference between artesunate and the sample, p < 0.05 (mean ± S.D. of three determinations)
cConcentration of treated samples and IC50 unit expressed in μg/ml
dConcentration of positive control and IC50 unit expressed in nM