Table 4.
Group differences in cognitive test performance
| Variable | Patients | Control group | F (df) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Global cognitive composite | − 0.32 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.85 (1,159) | .05 |
| Executive functions | − 0.17 | 1.10 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.98 (1,159) | .32 |
| Letter memory running span | 2.42 | 1.68 | 1.71 | 1.49 | 7.18 (1,159) | .01 |
| n-back | 21.18 | 7.32 | 23.93 | 6.63 | 5.58 (1,159) | .02 |
| Stroop inhibition costa | 30.21 | 11.75 | 26.88 | 8.63 | 3.58 (1,159) | .06 |
| TMT shift costa | 48.93 | 25.00 | 45.14 | 25.52 | 0.84 (1,159) | .36 |
| Working memory | − 0.28 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 2.93 (1,159) | .09 |
| Digit span forwards | 6.99 | 2.06 | 6.64 | 1.74 | 1.21 (1,159) | .27 |
| Digit span backwards | 6.45 | 2.09 | 7.00 | 2.06 | 2.62 (1,159) | .11 |
| Letter-number sequencing | 9.81 | 2.56 | 11.69 | 2.92 | 18.20 (1,159) | .00 |
| Episodic memory | − 0.17 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 (1,159) | .32 |
| Recall of concrete nouns | 51.08 | 9.71 | 52.66 | 9.37 | 1.00 (1,159) | .32 |
| Perceptual speed | − 0.29 | 1.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.08 (1,159) | .08 |
| Digit symbol | 52.85 | 10.23 | 55.79 | 10.15 | 3.08 (1,159) | .08 |
| Reasoning ability | − 0.38 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 5.74 (1,159) | .02 |
| Raven’s matrices | 6.92 | 2.86 | 8.07 | 3.01 | 5.74 (1,159) | .02 |
Left aligned variables show composited domains as z scores. Indented variables show the individual tests within the composite. Significant group differences are italicized
aHigher scores indicate worse performance