Table 1.

Summary of case reports with evidence for possible seizure induction in patients exposed to drugs that are currently assessed as COVID-19 candidate drugs.

Patients’ data (Age in years/ Gender)	Dosage	Indication	Duration of treatment before onset of seizures	Type of seizures observed	Previous history of seizures	References
CNhloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine
Case1−35yr/ Male; Case2−19yr/ Female	Chloroquine: 100 mg/day	Prophylactic anti-malarial treatment	2 days; 8 days	Generalized tonic-clonic seizures	None	(Schiemann et al., 2000)
17yr/ Female	Hydroxychloroquine: 200 mg/day	Systemic lupus erythematosus	14 days	Tonic-clonic seizures	Clinical history of complex partial seizure	(Malcangi et al., 2000)
49yr/ Male	Chloroquine: 150 mg three times daily for the first week; 150 mg twice for the second week; 150 mg daily for the third week	Erythema nodosum leprosum (Leprosy)	9 days	Tonic-clonic seizures	None	(Ebenso, 1998)
49yr/ Female	Chloroquine: 250 mg/day	Systemic lupus erythematosus	30 days	Complex partial seizures	None	(Krzeminski et al., 2018)
14yr/ Female	Chloroquine: 500 mg/day	Systemic lupus erythematosus	21 days	Tonic-clonic seizures	None	(Tristano et al., 2004)
26yr/ Female	Hydroxychloroquine: 500 mg/day	Systemic lupus erythematosus	30 days	Generalized tonic-clonic seizures	None	(Jafri et al., 2017)
Lopinavir/ritonavir
10yr/ Female	Second line antiretroviral therapy (zidovudine-lamivudine-lopinavir/ritonavir)	HIV	8 weeks	Generalized tonic-clonic seizures	None	(Otto et al., 2020)
54yr/ Male	Antiretroviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir and abacavir/lamivudine	Pseudo-HIV	5 months	Non-convulsive status epilepticus	Alcohol-induced dementia, liver cirrhosis, epilepsy and psoriac arthritis	(Etgen et al., 2010)