TABLE 2.

Study and Participant Characteristics and Context of VA Community Interorganizational Care Coordination of Rural Veterans

References and Policy Era	Study Design and Population	Study Setting	Health Care Focus, Veteran Characteristics, and Contextual Factors for Included Studies
Botts et al33 (Choice Era)	Observational N=8809 Veterans claims	National	Retail immunization using eHealth information exchange Geographic proximity to Walgreens Pharmacy Rural dual care
Brooks et al35 (Pre-Choice Era)	Observational N=39 Community providers and American Indian stakeholders	Northern Plains US	American Indian Veterans Comorbid mental health Geographic distance Rural dual care
Cretzmeyer et al36 (Choice Era)	Observational N=39 VA and Community providers	Iowa	Housing for homeless Veterans Comorbid mental health Substance use Rural dual care Geographic distance Shortage of providers
Gaglioti et al38 (Choice Era)	Observational N=67 surveys N=21 interviews Non-VA providers	Iowa	Veteran-mediated health information exchange Geographic distance Rural dual care Comorbid conditions
Jasuja et al40 (MISSION Era)	Observational N=16,866 Veterans	Massachusetts	Dual prescribing of opioids Rural dual care Chronic pain
Katon et al42 (MISSION Era)	Observational N=27 women Veterans	National	Effective, but scarce obstetric Community Care Geographic distance Rural dual care
Klein et al44 (Choice Era)	Observational N=620 Veterans N=133 non-VA providers	National	Veteran-mediated health information exchange Primarily older, White, Vietnam era Veterans Rural dual care
Kramer et al46 (Choice Era)	Observational N=37 VA providers	Western US	Home-based primary care/noninstitutional long-term care American Indian Veterans Rural dual care
Kramer et al34 (Choice Era)	Descriptive N=37 VA providers, staff, and managers	Western US	Home-based primary care/noninstitutional long-term care American Indian Veterans Geographic distance (colocation of operations) Rural dual care
Lampman and Mueller31 (Pre-Choice Era)	Observational N=11 non-VA primary care providers	Nebraska	eHealth information exchange Geographic distance Rural dual care
Mattocks et al37 (Choice Era)	Descriptive N=43 VA providers and staff	National	Veterans Choice Act Rural dual care
Mattocks et al39 (MISSION Era)	Observational N=519 women Veterans	National	Perinatal women Veterans Comorbid Mental Health Trauma Rural dual care
Nayar et al41 (Pre-Choice Era)	Observational N=1006 Veterans	Nebraska	Veteran-mediated health information exchange Geographic proximity Rural dual care
Nayar et al43 (Pre-Choice Era)	Observational N=383 nonfederal physicians	Nebraska	Rural dual care
Schlosser et al45 (MISSION Era)	Observational N=187 Veterans N=19 VA providers N=20 Community providers	Vermont and New Hampshire	Systemic issues of communication and information sharing Rural dual care
Shi et al47 (Choice Era)	Observational N=41 VA providers N=69 Community providers	National	eHealth information exchange Rural dual care

VA indicates Veterans Affairs.