Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants N = 200.
| Variables | N (%) | Range | Mean ± SD |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 130 (65.0) | ||
| Male | 70 (35.0) | ||
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 10 (5.0) | ||
| Married | 174 (87.0) | ||
| Widowed/Divorced | 16 (8.0) | ||
| Education status | |||
| Junior high school | 87 (43.5) | ||
| Above High school | 69 (31.5) | ||
| College/University | 50 (25.0) | ||
| History of fractures | |||
| No | 151 (75.5) | ||
| Yes | 49 (24.5) | ||
| Family history of HT | |||
| No | 130 (65.0) | ||
| Yes | 70 (35.0) | ||
| Smoking status | |||
| No | 191 (95.5) | ||
| Current smoker | 9 (4.5) | ||
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 156 (78.0) | ||
| Yes | 44 (22.0) | ||
| Fatty liver | |||
| No | 186 (93.0) | ||
| Yes | 14 (7.0) | ||
| Age | 65–98 | 74.90 ± 7.58 | |
| 65 to 74 | 113 (56.5) | ||
| 75 to 84 | 59 (29.5) | ||
| 84 and over | 28 (14.0) | ||
| 6 meter walking speed | 0.32–2.26 | 1.12 ± 0.31 | |
| ≧Standard | 170 (85.0) | 0.81–2.26 | 1.19 ± 0.26 |
| <Standard | 30 (15.0) | 0.32–0.80 | 0.67 ± 0.13 |
| Hand grip strength | 9.60–46.80 | 24.49 ± 7.46 | |
| ≧Standard | 112 (56.0) | ||
| Female | 79 (70.5) | ||
| Male | 33 (29.5) | ||
| < Standard | 88 (44.0) | ||
| Female | 51 (58.0) | ||
| Male | 37 (42.0) | ||
| Skeletal muscle mass index | 5.53–9.58 | 6.89 ± 0.82 | |
| ≧Standard | 183 (91.5) | ||
| Female | 128 (69.9) | ||
| Male | 55 (30.1) | ||
| < Standard | 17 (8.5) | ||
| Female | 2 (11.8) | ||
| Male | 15 (88.2) | ||
| Height (cm) | 125.00–181.00 | 157.78 ± 8.33 | |
| Weight (kg) | 41.40–98.00 | 62.52 ± 10.30 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.00–36.50 | 24.96 ± 3.54 | |
| Underweight (BMI<18.5) | 2 (1.0) | ||
| Healthy (18.5–24.0) | 85 (42.5) | ||
| Overweight (BMI>24.0) | 113 (56.5) | ||