Data extraction
Expertise	Data extraction will be performed by AO and AC
Software	Data will be extracted using pilot‐tested data extraction forms through the online resource: Rayyan Systematic Review software
Data to be extracted	Study design: systematic review and meta‐analysis. RCTs
Data extraction methods	☐ Single, no second reviewer ☒ Dual; second reviewer checks all data ☐ Dual; second reviewer checks [add proportion] ☐ Dual; independent screen and cross check
Risk of bias tool	[specify for each study design] ☒ Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool (RCTs) ☐ ROBINS‐I tool for non‐randomized studies ☐ Adapted‐hybrid of the RCT‐ROBINS‐I tools ☐ Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale ☐ Another tool [please specify]
Method of risk of bias assessment	☐ Single, no second reviewer ☒ Dual; second reviewer checks all judgements ☐ Dual; second reviewer checks [add proportion] ☐ Dual; independent screen and cross check	☐ All outcomes ☐ Primary only
Discrepancy resolution	☒ Consensus and/or third reviewer ☐ Other (please specify)
Contacting study authors	☐ Authors will be contacted for missing information and data ☒ Authors will be contacted for missing outcome data only ☐ Authors will not be contacted
Data management
Software	Review Manager 5
Standardization	N/A
Resolving conflicts between sources	If there is a conflict between data reported across multiple sources for a single study (e.g. between a published article and a trial registry record), we will contact researchers directly for clarification.