Table 3. Stratified Cox regression analyses comparing the risk of developing AMD between the two cohorts according to background factors.
| GlcN | With | Without | With vs. Without (Reference) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stratified | Events | PYs | Rate (per 105 PYs) | Events | PYs | Rate (per 105 PYs) | Ratio | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | 95% CI | P |
| Total | 49 | 15,375.87 | 318.68 | 283 | 39,259.07 | 720.85 | 0.442 | 0.756 | 0.581 | 0.919 | 0.009 |
| Gender | |||||||||||
| Male | 26 | 5,631.56 | 461.68 | 152 | 17,298.14 | 878.71 | 0.525 | 0.899 | 0.690 | 1.092 | 0.062 |
| Female | 23 | 9,744.31 | 236.04 | 131 | 21,960.93 | 596.51 | 0.396 | 0.676 | 0.520 | 0.822 | <0.001 |
| Age group (years) | |||||||||||
| 50–59 | 0 | 1,233.08 | 0.00 | 39 | 1,783.28 | 2,186.98 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - | 0.997 |
| 60–69 | 6 | 2,759.74 | 217.41 | 60 | 6,258.46 | 958.70 | 0.227 | 0.388 | 0.298 | 0.471 | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 19 | 7,164.46 | 265.20 | 107 | 16,620.06 | 643.80 | 0.412 | 0.704 | 0.541 | 0.856 | 0.006 |
| ≧80 | 24 | 4,218.59 | 568.91 | 77 | 14,597.27 | 527.50 | 1.079 | 1.844 | 0.940 | 2.241 | 0.285 |
| DM | |||||||||||
| Without | 33 | 7,522.00 | 438.71 | 224 | 22,376.23 | 1,001.06 | 0.438 | 0.749 | 0.576 | 0.911 | 0.002 |
| With | 16 | 7,853.87 | 203.72 | 59 | 16,882.83 | 349.47 | 0.583 | 0.998 | 0.765 | 1.211 | 0.156 |
| HTN | |||||||||||
| Without | 17 | 5,991.86 | 283.72 | 155 | 9,778.49 | 1,585.11 | 0.179 | 0.306 | 0.235 | 0.372 | <0.001 |
| With | 32 | 9,384.01 | 341.01 | 128 | 29,480.58 | 434.18 | 0.785 | 1.344 | 0.936 | 1.632 | 0.271 |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||||||||||
| Without | 31 | 5,817.22 | 532.90 | 213 | 21,911.45 | 972.09 | 0.548 | 0.938 | 0.720 | 1.139 | 0.125 |
| With | 18 | 9,558.65 | 188.31 | 70 | 17,347.62 | 403.51 | 0.467 | 0.798 | 0.612 | 0.970 | <0.001 |
| CAD | |||||||||||
| Without | 31 | 6,948.29 | 446.15 | 200 | 21,714.05 | 921.06 | 0.484 | 0.829 | 0.636 | 1.007 | 0.053 |
| With | 18 | 8,427.58 | 213.58 | 83 | 17,545.02 | 473.07 | 0.451 | 0.772 | 0.593 | 0.939 | 0.001 |
| Asthma | |||||||||||
| Without | 41 | 11,752.59 | 348.86 | 263 | 32,644.55 | 805.65 | 0.433 | 0.740 | 0.569 | 0.900 | <0.001 |
| With | 8 | 3,623.28 | 220.79 | 20 | 6,614.51 | 302.37 | 0.730 | 1.249 | 0.959 | 1.517 | 0.355 |
| COPD | |||||||||||
| Without | 28 | 6,409.00 | 436.89 | 202 | 21,381.41 | 944.75 | 0.462 | 0.791 | 0.607 | 0.961 | <0.001 |
| With | 21 | 8,966.87 | 234.20 | 81 | 17,877.66 | 453.08 | 0.517 | 0.884 | 0.678 | 0.995 | 0.048 |
| Stroke | |||||||||||
| Without | 38 | 9,373.10 | 405.42 | 228 | 24,946.32 | 913.96 | 0.444 | 0.759 | 0.583 | 0.922 | <0.001 |
| With | 11 | 6,002.77 | 183.25 | 55 | 14,312.74 | 384.27 | 0.477 | 0.816 | 0.626 | 0.991 | 0.042 |
| Tobacco dependency | |||||||||||
| Without | 49 | 14,938.77 | 328.01 | 281 | 38,920.91 | 721.98 | 0.454 | 0.777 | 0.597 | 0.944 | 0.001 |
| With | 0 | 437.10 | 0.00 | 2 | 338.16 | 591.44 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - | 0.897 |
| HF | |||||||||||
| Without | 39 | 11,953.40 | 326.27 | 238 | 30,849.79 | 771.48 | 0.423 | 0.723 | 0.556 | 0.879 | <0.001 |
| With | 10 | 3,422.47 | 292.19 | 45 | 8,409.28 | 535.12 | 0.546 | 0.934 | 0.717 | 1.135 | 0.496 |
| Dementia | |||||||||||
| Without | 49 | 13,943.65 | 351.41 | 280 | 34,034.57 | 822.69 | 0.427 | 0.730 | 0.561 | 0.888 | <0.001 |
| With | 0 | 1,432.23 | 0.00 | 3 | 5,224.50 | 57.42 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - | 0.916 |
| Other neurological disorders | |||||||||||
| Without | 47 | 13,964.03 | 336.58 | 277 | 37,532.02 | 738.04 | 0.456 | 0.780 | 0.599 | 0.948 | 0.026 |
| With | 2 | 1,411.84 | 141.66 | 6 | 1,727.05 | 347.41 | 0.408 | 0.697 | 0.536 | 0.847 | <0.001 |
| Degenerative arthritis | |||||||||||
| Without | 13 | 2,078.37 | 625.49 | 279 | 37,929.67 | 735.57 | 0.850 | 0.724 | 0.488 | 0.801 | <0.001 |
| With | 36 | 13,297.50 | 270.73 | 4 | 1,329.40 | 300.89 | 0.900 | 0.867 | 0.596 | 0.948 | 0.011 |
PYs: Person-years; Adjusted HR: Adjusted Hazard ratio: Adjusted for the variables listed in Table 2; CI: confidence interval; GlcN: glucosamine; AMD: age-related macular degeneration; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF: heart failure.