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. 2020 Dec 18;185(4):1292–1308. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa066

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Schematic representation of the perception of germination stimulants through the HTL receptors and the effect of differences in affinity. Germination stimulants (GS1 and 2) bind to an HTL that then recruits MAX2. The activated complex degrades downstream repressor, SMAX, which results in de-repression of gene expression and induces germination. In case of low affinity of the HTL present in the seed for the host germination stimulant, signal transduction and germination do not occur. Host-specific germination in root parasitic plants could be driven by affinity differences between HTLs for host-produced germination stimulants.