Table 3.

LPM Predicting Child Ever Suspended/Expelled, Age 9: Estimates of ‘Differential Treatment/Support’ by Race for the Same Behavior Problems at School Entry, Additionally Including Main Effects and Interactions Between Race and Family and Child Factors

	Full Working Sample	Sub-Sample with Black and White School Clustering	Sub-Sample with Black and White School Clustering
	(1)	(2)	(3)
Non-Hispanic Black	0.062 (0.040)	0.134+ (0.081)	0.094 (0.112)
Average of Teacher and Parent Ratings of Child Externalizing Behavior Age 5	0.007*** (0.002)	0.002 (0.005)	−0.000 (0.007)
Black*Average of Teacher and Parent Ratings of Child Externalizing Behavior Age 5	0.009*** (0.003)	0.014* (0.006)	0.015* (0.007)
Percent of School Enrollment Black or Hispanic, Start of Elementary	0.127** (0.049)	0.096 (0.133)
Percent of School Enrollment FRPL, Start of Elementary	−0.036 (0.045)	−0.052 (0.110)
Black*Percent of School Enrollment Black or Hispanic, Start of Elementary	−0.104 (0.068)	−0.078 (0.160)
Black*Percent of School Enrollment FRPL, Start of Elementary	0.137+ (0.071)	0.143 (0.144)
Family Socioeconomic Status and Child Factors (Main Effects) and Interactions with Indicator for Black	X	X	X
School Fixed Effects			X
Observations	2,396	828	828
Adjusted R-squared	0.173	0.158	0.548

Robust standard errors in parentheses.

^***p<0.001,

^**p<0.01,

^*p<0.05,

⁺p<0.10.

Notes: Models additionally control for all the family, socioeconomic status, and other child controls shown in Table 1 as well as interactions between each and the indicator for Black.

Source: Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, Waves 1–5. Model 1 is restricted to the 2,396 Black and White boys and girls who remained in the study from birth (wave 1) through age 9 (wave 5). Models 2–4 are restricted to the 828 children nested within 354 schools with at least one other FFCWS sample Black or White child. Multiple imputation of 20 datasets is used to handle item-missingness on all but the dependent variable (suspension/expulsion).