Figure 2. Purine metabolite levels in humans relative to chimpanzees and macaques.
(a) Pathway sketch illustrating the role of ADSL in purine biosynthesis. (b) Differences in metabolite levels between humans (n = 4) and chimpanzees (C) (n = 4), macaques (M) (n = 4) and the two non-human primates combined (P) in prefrontal cortex (PFC), cerebellum (CB), primary visual cortex (VC) analyzed by CE-MS. LC-MS measurements in PFC are from Kurochkin et al., 2019 and involved 40 humans, chimpanzees and macaques, respectively. Red and blue colors indicate higher and lower levels in humans, respectively. c and d. The distributions of metabolite differences between humans and non-human primates for purines biosynthesis (PB) (listed in panel b) and other metabolites (non-PB) detected by CE-MS (c) and LC-MS (d). The Y axis shows fold-change difference between humans and non-human primates. The metabolite concentration values are normalized and log-transformed. Wilcoxon tests for the differences between PB and non-PB distributions: p=0.049 (PFC), p=0.002 (CB), p=0.001 (VC), and p=0.019 (PFC LC-MC).