TABLE 1:
Neuroradiologic findings
| Patient No./Age (y)/Sex | Location | Size (cm) | Symptoms | Bony Anomalies | NECT (Compared to Brain) | T1WI (Compared to CSF) | T2WI (Compared to Brain) | FLAIR (Compared to CSF) | T1 C+ (Enhancement) | DWI (Restriction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/46/F | Right lower CPA | 1.2 × 0.8 × 0.6 | Decreased gag reflex on right, decreased sensation in right VI and V3 nerves | — | Isodense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | None | None |
| 2/26/F | Midline, right lower CPA | 2.6 × 1.6 | Right-sided paresthesias, chronic migraine headaches | — | — | Hyperintense | Hypointense | Hyperintense | None | — |
| 3/39/F* | Midline, pontomedullary junction | 0.6 × 1.4 × 1.1 | Chronic headaches | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | None | Mild |
| 4/72/F | Left frontal lobe | 8.8 × 4.6 × 6.6 | Behavior changes leading to psychosis | — | Hypodense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | None | — |
| 5/60/F | Midline, pontomedullary junction | 1.5 × 0.8 | Chronic headaches | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | — | — |
| 6/unknown* | Lateral pontomedullary junction | 1.5 × 1 | — | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | Posterior rim (at brain) | — |
| 7/41/F | Midline, lower CPA | 2.5 × 1.5 | Chronic headache, tingling in distal extremities | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | Posterior rim (at brain) | — |
| 8/57/F | Midline, 4th ventricle | 3.4 × 3 × 2.5 | Occasional vertigo, chronic occipital headache | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | None | — |
| 9/12/F | Midline, lower CPA | 1.4 × 1.8 × 0.8 | History of recurrent meningitis | Midline cleft, CVJ | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | — |
| 10/70/M | Midline to right lower CPA | 3 × 4 | Incontinence, inability to walk | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | — | — |
| 11/26/F | Midline, anterior to medulla | 1.5 × 2 | 2 episodes “viral syndrome” (headache, fever nausea, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, fever) | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | Posterior rim (at brain) | — |
| 12/34/M | Left of midline, adjacent to calvarium, extending through left ethnoid | 9 × 6 × 7 | New onset seizures | — | Hypodense | Isointense | Hyperintense | — | None | — |
| 13/21/F | Midline, anterior to brain stem extending into both CPA cisterns | 3 × 2.5 | “Migraines,” persistent occipital headaches | — | Hyperdense | Hyperintense | Hypointense | Hyperintense | — | — |
| 14/44/F | Lower left CPA | 3 × 3 | Progressive clumsiness of hands with gait disturbance | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | None | — |
| 15/14/F | Right CPA | 2 × 2 × 2 | Long history of right-sided sensorineural hearing loss | — | — | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | Posterior rim (at brain) | — |
| 16/78/F | Extra-axial right frontal lobe, with fluid-fluid levels | 7 × 5 × 3 | Acute onset single seizure | — | Isodense | Iso-hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | None | — |
| 17/48/M | Left intra/paraventricular, bilobed | 8 × 5 | 2 weeks of tremor, numbness of right arm, and facial droop | — | Hyperdense, marginal Ca++ | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | Thin marginal enhancement | — |
| 18/78/M | Extra-axial, frontal lobe, multiple fluid-fluid levels | 7 × 5 × 3 | New onset seizure | — | Hypodense | Hyperintense | Hyperintense | — | None | — |
Note:—CPA indicates cerebellopontine angle; NECT, nonenhanced CT; T1WI, T1-weighted image; T2W1, T2-weighted image; T1 C+, T1 with gadolinium; DWI, diffusion-weighted image; CVJ, craniovertebral junction.
*
Presumed neurenteric cyst