Previous studies of sacroplasty in patients with osteoporotic insufficiency fractures

	Needle Placement	Cement Injection	Complication(s)	Clinical Follow-Up
Garant et al4	Fluoroscopy under general anesthesia. Chiba needles placed in sacral foramina.	Fluoroscopy	None reported	Ambulatory and pain-free 9 months postprocedure
Brook et al1	CT Guidance under general anesthesia in 2 patients.	Intermittent CT	Premature cement hardening	Pain-free and ambulating at 8 and 16 months
Pommersheim et al3	Fluoroscopy in 2 patients. CT guidance in 1. Patients under conscious sedation.	Fluoroscopy in all	Cement extravasation in posterior soft tissues	Pain-free at 14 and 16 weeks. One patient lost to follow-up
Deen and Nottmeier2	Kyphoplasty with fluoroscopy in 2 patients. Brain LAB in one patient.	Fluoroscopy in 2, Brain LAB in 1	None reported	Decreased pain and increased function 3, 6, and 9 months after procedure
Butler et al7	CT fluoroscopy under conscious sedation in 6 patients.	Fluoroscopy in 5, CT in 1	Inadequate cement distribution, venous intravasation, and extension into SI joint	2–8 weeks. Significantly reduced or eliminated pain in 4 patients

Note:—SI indicates sacroiliac.