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. 2021 Jan 21;46(7):1283–1292. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-00947-7

Fig. 1. Study design and symptom change.

Fig. 1

A Design of the police-in-action study. Trauma-related symptoms and a structural T1-weighted scan were acquired in police recruits at baseline and follow-up. Between assessments, participants served at emergency aids during 2 periods of 4 months. B Self-reported PTSD symptoms (PCL-5) at baseline and follow-up for each participant, showing high individual variability in symptom change (ΔPCL). Black horizontal lines represent the mean of each assessment. C Exposure to different police-related traumatic events (PLES total score) between baseline and follow-up. Self-reported perceived stress (PSS) and negative affect (VAS) increased significantly between baseline and follow-up. D Based on delta-PCL, three symptom trajectories were identified: symptom increase (n = 35), symptom decrease (n = 46) and no symptom change (n = 140). Shaded areas indicate standard error of the mean (SEM). PCL-5 PTSD checklist for DSM-5, VAS visual analog scale, PLES Police-life events scale, PSS perceived stress scale, Quest. intermediate questionnaire, n.s. not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001 (compared to the previous assessment).