Table 1.

List of differential diagnoses proposed

Disease	Horner’s syndrome	Cervical swelling	Hemifacial atrophy	Additional notes	References
Stroke	−	−	+	Usually in older age	[5, 13]
Arterial dissection	+	−	−		[5, 13]
Syringomyelia	+	−	+		[5, 13]
Lymphoma/Leukaemia	−	+	−		[5, 10, 11, 13]
Pulmonary pancoast tumour/oesophageal cancer	+	+	+		[5, 13]
Head and neck cancer	+	+	±		[5, 13]
Thyroid cancer	+	+	−	Thyroid gland tumour possible	[5, 13]
Viral infection	−	+	+		[5, 13]
Chiari malformation	+	−	+
Demyelinating disease	+	−	+		[5, 13]
Vascular malformation/lymphangioma	Rare	−	+	Associated lumps typically found in the anterior triangle of the neck	[5, 13]