Biological factors |
|
|
Insulin resistance |
↑ |
Kanaya (2014)11 Gujral (2014)20
|
Impaired insulin secretion |
↑ |
Kanaya (2014)11 Gujral (2014)20
|
Hepatic fat deposition |
↑ |
Shah (2016)39 Gujral (2020)12
|
Visceral fat area |
↑ |
Gujral (2020)12
|
Low lean muscle mass |
↑ |
Shah (2016)39
|
History of gestational diabetes |
↑ |
Gadgil (2017)102
|
Behavioral factors |
|
|
Healthy plant-based diet |
↓ |
Gadgil (2015)32 Bhupathiraju (2019)53
|
Fried sweets, snacks, and high-fat dairy |
↑ |
Gadgil (2015)32 Jin (2018)52
|
Animal protein |
↑ |
Gadgil (2015)32
|
Physical inactivity |
↑ |
Kanaya (2015)11 Shah (2014)61
|
Obstructive sleep apnea or sleep-disordered breathing |
↑ |
Deol (2018)66
|
|
|
|
Sociocultural factors |
|
|
Separation assimilation strategy |
↑ |
Al-Sofiani (2020)69
|
Integration assimilation strategy |
↓ |
Al-Sofiani (2020)69
|
Acculturation assimilation strategy |
↓ |
Al-Sofiani (2020)69
|
Psychosocial factors |
|
|
Exercise partners |
↓ |
Thanawala (2020)81
|
Social influence of adult children |
↓ |
Ram (2020)82
|
Self-reported discrimination |
↑ |
Nadimpalli (2017)85
|
Environmental factors |
|
|
Neighborhood walk score |
↓ |
Kelley (2016)90
|
Persistent organic pollutants |
↑ |
La Merrill (2019)95
|