Figure 2.

Spearman’s correlation heatmap of the associations between SCFAs, clinical variables, biomarkers of inflammation and selected metabolites in patients with MS and HCs. Color gradients indicate rho values; positive correlations are marked in red, negative in yellow. Clinical measures that were not applicable for HCs are in grey. *q<0.05, **q<0.01 and ***q<0.001. ACE, acetate; PRO, propionate; BUT, butyrate; VAL. valerate; IVAL, isovalerate; IBUT; isobutyrate. HCAR2, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2; FFAR2, free fatty acid receptor 2; BMI, body mass index; EDSS, expanded disability status scale, No. of Gd+, number of gadolinium enhancing lesions; AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ARG1, arginase 1; IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; IFNG, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; IL1B, IL-1 beta; IL1R1, IL-1 receptor type 1; NFL, neurofilament light chain; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; KYN, kynurenine; KYNA, kynurenic acid; TRP, tryptophan; 3HAA, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.