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. 2021 May 6;12:661493. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661493

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Copyright © 2021 Olsson, Gustavsen, Nguyen, Nyman, Langkilde, Hansen, Sellebjerg, Oturai and Bach Søndergaard

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Score scatter plot displaying group separation between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS, red circles) and healthy controls (HCs, blue circles) based on short-chain fatty acids; biomarkers of inflammation and metabolites. Each circle represents one participant. (B) Loading scatter plot showing changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), biomarkers of inflammation and metabolites. Groups are shown as circles (MS, red; HCs, blue), and variables as 4-point stars. Discriminating variables are marked in red. NFL, neurofilament light chain; ARG1, arginase 1; IL1R1, interleukin-1 receptor type 1; %BUT, proportion of butyrate; ACE/(PRO+BUT), acetate/(propionate + butyrate); ACE/BUT, acetate/butyrate.

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