Table 2.
Comparisons among different phenotypes for body composition and level of physical activity in daily life in individuals with COPD.
| Variables | Normal body composition |
Obese |
Sarcopenic |
Sarcopenic–obese |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Inactive | Active | Inactive | Active | Inactive | Active | Inactive | |
| n (%) | 30 (17.0) | 38 (21.6) | 11 (6.3) | 17 (9.7) | 22 (12.5) | 15 (8.5) | 14 (8.0) | 29 (16.5) |
| Male sex (%) | 21 (70.0) | 12 (31.6) | 10 (90.9)#,## | 9 (52.9) | 16 (72.7) | 8 (19.4) | 12 (85.7) | 20 (68.9) |
| Age (years) | 65.1 ± 8.3 | 66.2 ± 7.7 | 67.0 ± 8.4 | 67.6 ± 8 | 65.9 ± 9.3 | 68.6 ± 8.0 | 62.3 ± 8.4 | 65.8 ± 8.9 |
| 6MWT (m) | 474 ± 55.6 | 444 ± 82.6 | 510 ± 75.4 | 424 ± 94.1 | 496 ± 49.1 | 425 ± 85.3 | 455 ± 120.6 | 415 ± 91.1‡,¥ |
| 6MWT (% pred) | 88.7 ± 11.0 | 87.3 ± 16.2 | 93.9 ± 14.8 | 85.1 ± 15.9 | 87.5 ± 9.1 | 77.2 ± 16.8 | 81.2 ± 19.9 | 75.3 ± 16.6*,‡ |
| 1RM knee extension (kg) | 19.1 (16.5, 21.7) | 18.7 (16.4, 21.1) | 20.7 (16.4, 25.0) | 18.6 (15.1, 22.0) | 16.9 (13.9, 19.9) | 15.9 (12.4, 19.6) | 16.9 (13.1, 20.8) | 12.4 (9.8, 15.0) *,†,‡ |
| 1RM elbow flexion (kg) | 13.6 (12.0, 15.1) | 12.2 (10.7, 13.6) | 13.1 (10.5, 15.7) | 12.6 (10.5, 14.6) | 10.8 (8.9, 12.5) | 9.5 (7.3, 11.6) | 11.0 (8.8, 13.3) | 8.5 (6.9, 10.0) *,† |
| 1RM elbow extension (kg) | 15.1 (13.4, 16.8) | 14.8 (13.3, 16.4) | 13.9 (11.1, 16.7) | 14.6 (12.4, 16.8) | 13.2 (11.3, 15.2) | 11.5 (9.1, 13.8) | 11.8 (9.3, 14.3) | 10.1 (8.4, 11.8)*,†,§ |
| FEV1 (%pred) | 50.9 ± 15.8 | 51.1 ± 13.3 | 50.3 ± 17.3 | 45.8 ± 14.7 | 46.7 ± 14.6 | 36.9 ± 18.3 | 43.0 ± 13.9 | 38.0 ± 17.7 *,† |
| MRC scale | 4.0 [2.0–4.0] | 4.0 [2.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 4.0 [2.25–4.0] | 3.0 [3.0–4.0] | 4.0 [3.0–4.0] | 4.0 [2.0–4.0] | 4.0 [2.0–4.0] |
| HADS anxiety (pts) | 4.5 [3.0–8.5] | 5.0 [2.0–9.0] | 4.0 [3.0–9.0] | 4.5 [1.0–7.3] | 4.0 [3.0–7.5] | 5.0 [1.0–7.5] | 7.0 [3.0–8.0] | 6.0 [3.0–7.0] |
| HADS depression (pts) | 3.0 [2.0–6.8] | 4.5 [1.3–7.0] | 3.0 [1.0–6.0] | 4.0 [0.3–9.0] | 4.0 [1.3–6.0] | 6.0 [3.0–9.0] | 5.0 [3.0–10.0] | 4.0 [1.0–8.0] |
| LCADL (pts) | 20 [15.0–26.8] | 21.5 [15.3–25.8] | 15 [12.0–24.0] | 21 [13.3–36.8] | 18.5 [16.3–26.8] | 27 [15.5–33.5] | 25 [11.0–31.0] | 19 [13.0–30.0] |
Data are presented as mean ± deviation or median [interquartile range], according to normality in data distribution. 6MWT, 6-minute walking test; 1RM, 1 repetition maximum test; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; MRC, Medical Research Council scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; LCADL, London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale. All values of 1RM for knee extension and elbow flexion and extension were adjusted for sex and described as mean (95% confidence interval).
p < 0.05 compared with NBC + Act.
p < 0.05 compared with NBC + Inact.
p < 0.05 compared with Ob + Act.
p < 0.05 compared with Ob + Inact.
p < 0.05 compared with Sarc + Act.
p < 0.003 compared with NBC + Act.
p < 0.003 compared with NBC + Inact.