Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Clinical and demographic characteristics | All patients n = 257; (%) | |||||
| Severity | ||||||
| Mild | 37 (14.4) | |||||
| Moderate | 139 (54.1) | |||||
| Severe | 81 (31.5) | |||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 148 (57.6) | |||||
| Female | 109 (42.4) | |||||
| Hypertension | 121 (49.2) | |||||
| ACEIa intake | ||||||
| No | 74 (67.9) | |||||
| Yes | 35 (32.1) | |||||
| ARBa intake | ||||||
| No | 74 (67) | |||||
| Yes | 36 (33) | |||||
| Dyslipidaemia | 102 (41.6) | |||||
| Statins intake | ||||||
| No | 57 (52.8) | |||||
| Yes | 51 (47.2) | |||||
| Diabetes | 68 (27.6) | |||||
| Obesity | 34 (16.9) | |||||
| Primary Immunodeficiency | 2 (0.9) | |||||
| Secondary Immunodeficiency | 41 (18.1) | |||||
| Epidemiological background | ||||||
| Nursing home resident | 36 (22.5) | |||||
| Live-in relative | 52 (35.5) | |||||
| Frontline worker | 14 (8.8) | |||||
| Community transmission | 42 (26.3) | |||||
| Ref.vb | n | Mean | Median | SDc | IQRd | |
| Age | 257 | 66.0 | 68.0 | 17.0 | 54–90 | |
| Laboratory data on admission | ||||||
| IL6e (pg/mL) | < 4.4 | 139 | 62.2 | 29.9 | 94.4 | 10–296.6 |
| CRPf (mg/L) | < 10 | 242 | 105 | 47 | 246 | 10.8–324.6 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 20–250 | 197 | 882 | 499 | 111 | 211–2718 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | < 500 | 237 | 2532 | 741 | 10,683 | 410–6258 |
| LDHg (U/L) | 120–246 | 234 | 336 | 289 | 168 | 212–681 |
| Days from onset to admission | 240 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 4–16 | |
| Leucocyte count (cells*103/μL) | 4–12.4 | 252 | 8.31 | 6.60 | 7.99 | 4.90–17.60 |
| Neutrophil count (cells*103/μL) | 1.9–8 | 252 | 6.20 | 5.06 | 4.14 | 3.26–15.07 |
| Lymphocyte count (cells*103/μL) | 0.9–5 | 252 | 2.18 | 1.00 | 10.75 | 0,7-2,59 |
| Lymphocyte % | 19–48 | 232 | 17.30 | 14.50 | 12.00 | 9.5–40.3 |
| CD3 + CD4+ % | 25–65 | 76 | 44.20 | 45.80 | 13.20 | 36.6–67.9 |
| CD3 + CD4+ count (cells*106/μL) | 500–1400 | 75 | 541 | 460 | 365 | 257–1263 |
| CD3 + CD8+ % | 12–40 | 76 | 21.70 | 21.10 | 10.50 | 14.5–40 |
| CD4 + CD8+ count (cells*106/μL) | 250–1000 | 75 | 268 | 182 | 234 | 117–685 |
| CD19+ % | 5–20 | 68 | 14.20 | 13.30 | 8.30 | 8.1–32.8 |
| CD19+ count (cells*106/μL) | 100–500 | 67 | 164 | 127 | 151 | 66–409 |
| Natural Killer % | 5–20 | 68 | 16.30 | 14.40 | 9.00 | 9–36.8 |
| Natural Killer count (cells*106/μL) | 50–500 | 64 | 171 | 148 | 107 | 103–335 |
| Immunoglobulin G (mg/dL) | 650–1600 | 60 | 961.0 | 924.0 | 431.0 | 728–1629 |
| Immunoglobulin A (mg/dL) | 40–350 | 60 | 264.0 | 228.0 | 152.0 | 162–587 |
| Immunoglobulin M (mg/dL) | 50–300 | 60 | 105.0 | 89.0 | 83.0 | 70–256 |
| C3 (mg/dL) | 71 | 133.0 | 127.0 | 46.0 | 108–225 | |
| C4 (mg/dL) | 70 | 30.0 | 28.0 | 13.0 | 23–56 | |
| Total days in hospital | 245 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 7–38 | |
Abbreviations: RASBa Renin-angiotensin system blockers, Ref.vb Reference values, SDc Standard deviation, IQRd Interquartile range, IL6e Interleukin 6, CRPf C-reactive protein, LDHg Lactate dehydrogenase