Table 2.
Crude and adjusted analysis of chronic back pain among adults and elderly from urban population of Rio Grande, Brazil, 2016 (N = 1300).
| Level | Variable | Chronic back pain (%) | Crude analysis | Adjusted analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |||
| 1 | Sex | |||
| Male | 13.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Female | 26.0 | 1.90 (1.48, 2.43) | 1.88 (1.47, 2.41) | |
| 1 | Age group (years) | |||
| 18−39 | 17.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 40−59 | 20.8 | 1.16 (0.88,1.53) | 1.16 (0.88, 1.52) | |
| 60 or + | 24.8 | 1.38 (1.05, 1.82) | 1.34 (1.01, 1.76) | |
| 1 | Skin color | |||
| White | 20.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Others | 21.3 | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.36) | |
| 1 | Marital status | |||
| Single | 19.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Married, divorced or widowed | 21.6 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 1.01 (0.76, 1.35) | |
| 1 | Living alone | |||
| No | 20.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 23.2 | 1.14 (0.82, 1.59) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.42) | |
| 1 | Schooling (year) | |||
| 0–8 | 22.7 | 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.50) | |
| 9–11 | 19.8 | 1.08 (0.79, 1.48) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.45) | |
| ≥12 | 18.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 1 | Asset index (tertiles) | |||
| Lower | 23.0 | 1.22 (0.91, 1.62) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.61) | |
| Intermediate | 19.8 | 1.05 (0.80, 1.38) | 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) | |
| Higher | 18.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 2 | Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker | 18.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Former smoker | 21.6 | 1.19 (0.93, 1.52) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.52) | |
| Smoker | 26.9 | 1.48 (1.15, 1.91) | 1.67 (1.31, 2.12) | |
| 2 | Physically inactive | |||
| No | 17.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 22.4 | 1.31 (1.00, 1.72) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | |
| 2 | Body mass index | |||
| Euthrophic | 18.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Overweight | 17.8 | 0.98 (0.73, 1.32) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.39) | |
| Obese | 28.9 | 1.59 (1.20, 2.09) | 1.64 (1.26, 2.13) | |
| 2 | Sleep time (hours per day) | |||
| <6.0 | 32.5 | 1.78 (1.32, 2.40) | 1.58 (1.16, 2.15) | |
| 6.0–7.9 | 19.6 | 1.07 (0.82, 1.40) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.54) | |
| ≥8.0 | 18.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 2 | Stress level (tertiles) | |||
| Lower | 13.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Intermediate | 17.7 | 1.36 (0.98, 1.89) | 1.28 (0.91, 1.79) | |
| Higher | 33.3 | 2.56 (1.92, 3.40) | 2.16 (1.62, 2.86) | |
| 3 | History of fracture | |||
| No | 18.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 24.8 | 1.35 (1.10, 1.65) | 1.26 (1.03, 1.54) | |
| 3 | Fall in the last year | |||
| No | 18.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 28.7 | 1.53 (1.23, 1.90) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.42) | |
| 3 | Arthritis or rheumatism | |||
| No | 17.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 46.5 | 2.74 (2.16, 3.47) | 1.85 (1.42, 2.41) | |
| 3 | WRMSD/RSI | |||
| No | 17.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 42.3 | 2.45 (1.97, 3.05) | 1.91 (1.50, 2.91) | |
| 3 | Chronic respiratory disease | |||
| No | 19.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 27.4 | 1.44 (1.10, 1.88) | 1.14 (.087, 1.48) | |
| 3 | Hypertension | |||
| No | 18.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 24.9 | 1.32 (1.05, 1.66) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.38) |
WRMSD/RSI: work-related musculoskeletal disorder/repetitive strain injury.
PR: Prevalence ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.