Table 3.
Summary of Mitochondria-Related Heart Protective Effects of Ginsenosides
| Ref. | Ginsenoside | Model | Inducer | Experimental model | Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [62] | Rb1 | I/R | Hypoxia-reoxygenation | H9c2 cells | MMP, Cyto C, Caspase-3 |
| [63] | Rb1 | I/R | Palmitate and high-fat diet | Isolated rat hearts, mice | Succinate, PDH |
| [64] | Rd | I/R | Ligature of left anterior descending heart | Rat model | Caspase-3/9, MMP, Cyto C |
| [65] | CK | I/R | Ligature of left anterior descending heart | Mice | Mitochondrial swelling |
| [66] | Rg1 | Nutritional stress | Glucose deprivation | Mice | ATP, MMP |
| [68] | Rg1 | I/R | Hypoxia-reoxygenation | Cardiomyocyte | Mitochondrial dynamics |
| [70] | Rg5 | Myocardial damage | PA, Ligature of left anterior descending heart | H9c2 cells, mice | HK-II, Drp1, ATP, MMP |
| [71] | Rb2, F1, Rc | Oxidative damage | Tert-butyl hydroperoxide | H9c2 cells | ATP, mtDNA, OCR |
| [72] | Rb3 | Heart failure | Myocardial infarction and I/R | Mice and H9c2 cells | MMP |