Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of patients according to RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 test result: positive, negative or pending
| Positive n = 15 529 |
Negative n = 46 960 |
Pending-result n = 8614 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Women, n (%) | 6552 (42.2) | 25 005 (53.2) | 3950 (45.9) | <0.0001 |
| Men, n (%) | 8977 (57.8) | 21 955 (46.8) | 4664 (54.1) | |
| Age, years | 46.6 (15.5) | 39.6 (17.9)* | 43.2 (17.3)* | <0.0001 |
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| ⩽20 | 372 (2.4) | 4858 (10.3) | 622 (7.2) | <0.0001 |
| 21–30 | 2029 (13.1) | 10 080 (21.5) | 1346 (15.6) | |
| 31–40 | 3408 (21.9) | 11 596 (24.7) | 2084 (24.2) | |
| 41–50 | 3717 (23.9) | 8816 (18.8) | 1794 (20.8) | |
| 51–60 | 3717 (23.9) | 5778 (12.3) | 1376 (16) | |
| >60 | 3113 (20) | 5832 (12.4) | 1392 (16.2) | |
| Smoker, n (%) | 1374 (8.8) | 4835 (10.3) | 811 (9.4) | 0.009 |
| Pregnancy, n (%) | 91 (0.6) | 649 (1.4) | 58 (0.7) | 0.006 |
| Contact with confirmed case, n (%) | 4230 (27.2) | 13 273 (28.3) | 3251 (37.7) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| DM | 2831 (18.2) | 5163 (11) | 1323 (15.4) | <0.0001 |
| COPD | 389 (2.5) | 1330 (2.8) | 214 (2.5) | 0.6 |
| Asthma | 542 (3.5) | 2571 (5.5) | 337 (3.9) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppression | 296 (1.9) | 1402 (3) | 183 (2.1) | 0.004 |
| Hypertension | 3370 (21.7) | 7553 (15.7) | 1611 (18.7) | <0.0001 |
| CVD | 453 (2.9) | 1610 (3.4) | 267 (3.1) | 0.1 |
| Obesity | 3215 (20.7) | 6570 (14) | 1532 (17.8) | <0.0001 |
| CKD | 359 (2.3) | 1130 (2.4) | 262 (3) | 0.002 |
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| No comorbidities | 8422 (54.2) | 30 316 (63.9) | 5057 (58.7) | <0.0001 |
| One comorbidity | 4073 (26.2) | 10 220 (21.8) | 2086 (24.2) | |
| Two comorbidities | 2029 (13.1) | 4250 (9.1) | 959 (11.1) | |
| ⩾3 comorbidities | 1005 (6.5) | 2474 (5.3) | 512 (5.9) | |
| Time from symptom onset to medical care, days | 4 (2–6) | 3 (1–5)* | 3 (1–5)* | <0.0001 |
| Hospitalisation, n (%) | 6042 (38.9) | 9974 (21.2) | 2607 (30.3) | <0.0001 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 4588 (29.5) | 6341 (13.5) | 1841 (21.4) | <0.0001 |
| IMV, n (%) | 669 (4.3) | 598 (1.3) | 197 (2.3) | <0.0001 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 676 (4.4) | 774 (1.6) | 211 (2.4) | <0.0001 |
| Case-fatality rate, n (%) | 1434 (9.2) | 881 (1.9) | 137 (1.6) | <0.0001 |
| Socio-geographical variables | ||||
| SLI | −1.32 (−1.41 to −1.11) | −1.29 (−1.41 to −1.06)* | −1.29 (−1.39 to −1.02)* | <0.0001 |
| Ageing index | 28.7 (21.8–39.6) | 28.6 (21.8–38.6)* | 29.2 (21.5–38.6)* | <0.0001 |
| Afro-descendant per 100 inhabitants | 0.61 (0.07–1.80) | 0.23 (0.03–1.39)* | 0.35 (0.03–1.74)* | <0.0001 |
| Indigenous language-speaking per 100 inhabitants | 1.22 (0.63–1.89) | 0.96 (0.00–1.74)* | 1.1 (0.00–1.79)* | <0.0001 |
| Affiliation to health services per 100 inhabitants | 80.2 (77.6–84.3) | 82.6 (78.6–86.0)* | 81.3 (77.4–85.5) | <0.0001 |
| Members per household | 3.59 (3.45–3.71) | 3.66 (3.50–3.80)* | 3.68 (3.50–3.84)* | <0.0001 |
| Hospitals per 10 000 inhabitants | 3.50 (2.42–5.51) | 4.07 (2.31–6.30)* | 3.43 (2.02–5.40)* | <0.0001 |
| Hospital beds per 10 000 inhabitants | 11.8 (6.9–18.7) | 11.8 (6.9–18.5) | 11.2 (5.3–17.9)* | <0.0001 |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ICU, intensive care unit; Immunosupp, immunosuppression; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; SLI, social lag index.
Data are presented as mean (s.d.) or median (1Q–3Q).
Comparisons between groups were made by χ2 or one-way ANOVA.
*Significantly different from positive patients (P < 0.05) by post-hoc analysis by Tukey's test or Games-Howell's test.