Table 2.
Effectiveness of the PSP Wellbeing Course.
| Questionnaire | Pretreatment, mean (SD) | Posttreatment, mean (SD) | Hedges g effect size (95% CI) from pretreatment | Percentage change (95% CI) in estimated mean from pretreatment | Reliable deterioration (%) | Reliable recovery (%) | |
| Total sample (N=83) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PHQ-9a | 11.09 (5.59) | 6.81 (5.33) | 0.78 (0.46 to 1.09) | 39 (26 to 49) | 4.4 | 29.7 |
|
|
GAD-7b | 10.32 (5.44) | 6.01 (4.82) | 0.83 (0.52 to 1.15) | 42 (30 to 52) | 1.7 | 37.6 |
|
|
PCL-5c | 29.82 (19.18) | 20.39 (17.60) | 0.51 (0.20 to 0.82) | 32 (15 to 45) | 6.8 | 25.1 |
|
|
PDSS-SRd | 5.20 (5.09) | 3.17 (4.52) | 0.42 (0.11 to 0.73) | 39 (15 to 56) | N/Ae | N/A |
|
|
SIAS-6/SPS-6f | 9.76 (9.22) | 9.19 (9.58) | 0.06 (–0.24 to 0.36) | 6 (–20 to 26) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
DAR-5g | 10.31 (4.39) | 8.59 (3.79) | 0.42 (0.11 to 0.72) | 17 (8 to 25) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDSh Family | 4.98 (2.73) | 3.69 (2.84) | 0.46 (0.15 to 0.77) | 26 (10 to 39) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Social | 5.03 (2.94) | 3.82 (2.92) | 0.41 (0.10 to 0.72) | 24 (9 to 37) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Work | 4.54 (3.02) | 3.40 (3.05) | 0.37 (0.07 to 0.68) | 25 (7 to 40) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Total | 14.54 (7.81) | 10.80 (7.76) | 0.48 (0.17 to 0.79) | 26 (11 to 38) | N/A | N/A |
| Clinical samplei |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PHQ-9 (≥10, n=48) | 14.90 (3.82) | 8.91 (5.46) | 1.25 (0.82 to 1.70) | 40 (28 to 51) | 2.9 | 51.3 |
|
|
GAD-7 (≥10, n=46) | 14.22 (3.24) | 8.08 (5.11) | 1.41 (0.97 to 1.87) | 43 (31 to 53) | 2.5 | 56.8 |
|
|
PCL-5 (≥33, n=35) | 48.63 (10.66) | 32.96 (17.63) | 1.05 (0.56 to 1.56) | 32 (17 to 45) | 7.8 | 59.5 |
|
|
PDSS-SR (≥8, n=23) | 12.14 (2.94) | 7.00 (6.18) | 1.03 (0.42 to 1.66) | 42 (15 to 61) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SIAS-6/SPS-6 (SIAS≥7 SPS≥2, n=27) | 20.52 (7.54) | 18.48 (10.23) | 0.22 (–0.31 to 0.76) | 10 (–13 to 28) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
DAR-5 (≥12, n=25) | 15.84 (3.21) | 11.76 (4.80) | 0.97 (0.39 to 1.57) | 26 (12 to 37) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Family (≥3, n=66) | 6.03 (1.93) | 4.23 (2.84) | 0.73 (0.38 to 1.09) | 30 (15 to 42) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Social (≥3, n=62) | 6.34 (2.11) | 4.45 (2.88) | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.11) | 30 (16 to 42) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Work (≥3, n=58) | 5.98 (2.40) | 4.23 (3.00) | 0.64 (0.27 to 1.01) | 29 (13 to 43) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
SDS Total (≥9, n=62) | 17.95 (5.74) | 12.35 (7.75) | 0.81 (0.45 to 1.18) | 31 (17 to 43) | N/A | N/A |
aPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
bGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7.
cPCL-5: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5.
dPDSS-SR: Panic Disorder Severity Scale Self-Report.
eN/A: not applicable; reliable recovery and deterioration were only calculated for primary measures because the magnitude of the score change required to determine reliable score changes for several secondary measures was unknown.
fSIAS-6/SPS-6: 6-item Social Interaction Anxiety Scale/6-item Social Phobia Scale.
gDAR-5: Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5.
hSDS: Sheehan Disability Scale.
iFor each measure, estimated means, effects sizes, and percentage change are calculated based on those who scored in the clinical range on the measure at pretreatment.