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. 2021 May 20;23:58. doi: 10.1186/s12968-020-00702-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Patterns of left ventricular (LV) fat and fibrosis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). a Axial dark blood fast spin echo image obtained in a 46 year-old male proband with a PKP2 variant shows a typical bite-like pattern of epicardial fat infiltration in the apicolateral LV (arrows). b Axial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image in the same patient shows linear subepicardial enhancement suggesting fibrosis in the same location. c Axial balanced steady-state free precession cine image from a 28 year-old male proband with a PKP2 variant shows a typical “bite-like” pattern of LV fat infiltration on bright blood images, with the associated dark etching artifact between the fat and the myocardium. d Axial LGE image in the same patient shows more extensive enhancement indicating fibrosis in a predominantly linear subepicardial pattern along the lateral wall