Table 2.
Comparison of study outcomes between pregnant women with and without laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision U07.1) at the time of birth
| Pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/births | % | Cases/births | % | |||||
| Maternal data | ||||||||
| Fetal death | 1140/338,553 | 0.34 | 30/3527 | 0.85 | 2.54 (1.81–3.56) | <.001 | 2.21 (1.58–3.11) | <.001 |
| Preterm birth | 18,572/322,494 | 5.8 | 369/3047 | 12.1 | 2.25 (2.03–2.50) | <.001 | 2.17 (1.96–2.42) | <.001 |
| Small for gestational age | 17,521/320,188 | 5.5 | 191/3009 | 6.4 | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) | .05 | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | .87 |
| Preeclampsia or eclampsia | 8591/338,553 | 2.5 | 139/3527 | 3.9 | 1.58 (1.32–1.89) | <.001 | 1.55 (1.29–1.85) | <.001 |
| Induction of labor | 96,651/236,822 | 40.8 | 940/2382 | 39.5 | 0.95 (0.82–1.08) | .42 | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | .40 |
| Elective cesarean delivery | 46,843/338,553 | 13.8 | 380/3527 | 10.8 | 0.75 (0.67–0.85) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.71–0.91) | <.001 |
| Emergency cesarean delivery | 62,479/338,553 | 18.5 | 975/3527 | 27.6 | 1.69 (1.56–1.83) | <.001 | 1.63 (1.51–1.76) | <.001 |
| Instrumental vaginal delivery | 43,393/338,553 | 12.9 | 422/3527 | 12.0 | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | .14 | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | .20 |
| Unassisted delivery | 184,989/338,553 | 54.6 | 1734/3527 | 49.2 | 0.80 (0.75–0.86) | <.001 | 0.76 (0.70–0.82) | <.001 |
| Maternal length of stay (3+d) | 55,529/326,248 | 17.0 | 857/3321 | 25.8 | 1.70 (1.55–1.85) | <.001 | 1.57 (1.44–1.72) | <.001 |
| Maternal readmission (42-d) | 8660/281,178 | 3.1 | 78/1818 | 4.3 | 1.41 (1.11–1.78) | .004 | 1.39 (1.10–1.76) | .01 |
| Maternal-neonatal linked data | ||||||||
| E-NAOIb | 16,501/318,073 | 5.2 | 222/2922 | 7.6 | 1.50 (1.32–1.72) | <.001 | 1.45 (1.27–1.66) | <.001 |
| Specialist neonatal care | 35,032/326,901 | 10.7 | 432/3156 | 13.7 | 1.32 (1.04–1.67) | .02 | 1.24 (1.02–1.51) | .03 |
| Neonatal length of stay (3+d) | 58,410/324,665 | 18.0 | 857/3104 | 27.6 | 1.74 (1.62–1.87) | <.001 | 1.61 (1.49–1.75) | <.001 |
| Neonatal readmission (28 d) | 14,259/277,804 | 5.1 | 126/2058 | 6.1 | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) | .04 | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | .08 |
| Maternal-neonatal linked data of deliveries at term (≥37 wk) | ||||||||
| E-NAOIb | 9970/298,099 | 3.3 | 89/2542 | 3.5 | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | .45 | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | .78 |
| Specialist neonatal care | 28,002/299,456 | 9.4 | 294/2555 | 11.5 | 1.26 (0.92–1.73) | .15 | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | .22 |
| Neonatal length of stay (3+d) | 43,390/297,805 | 14.6 | 534/2530 | 21.1 | 1.56 (1.42–1.74) | <.001 | 1.61 (1.49–1.75) | <.001 |
| Neonatal readmission (28 d) | 12,749/262,437 | 4.9 | 106/1802 | 5.9 | 1.22 (1.02–1.47) | .03 | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | .05 |
Birth with any of the following: birthweight of <1500 g, gestational age under 32 completed weeks, neonatal death within 28 days, respiratory distress syndrome, seizure, intraventricular hemorrhage (grade 3 or 4), cerebral infarction, periventricular leukomalacia, birth trauma (intracranial hemorrhage paralysis owing to brachial plexus injury, skull or long bone fracture), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis/septicemia, pneumonia, respiratory disease (respiratory failure, primary atelectasis, chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period, bacterial meningitis, resuscitation (intubation/chest compression), mechanical ventilation/continuous positive airway pressure/high flow nasal oxygen, central venous or arterial catheter, pneumothorax requiring intercostal catheter, any intravenous fluids, any body cavity surgical procedure, therapeutic hypothermia.
CI, confidence interval; E-NAOI, neonatal adverse outcome indicator; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019; OR, odds ratio.
Gurol-Urganci et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021.
Adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation measured by IMD, parity, previous cesarean delivery, diabetes and hypertension
Composite outcome.