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. 2021 Apr 27;73(11):2073–2082. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab371

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Figure 1. — Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) T-cell immunity in healthy individuals, vaccinated subjects, and patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A, Absolute lymphocyte counts in unexposed donors (dots; n = 14), convalescent donors (squares; n = 10) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients stratified by disease severity to intensive care unit (ICU) critical (rhombuses; n = 16), ICU recovered (inverted triangles; n = 8), and non-ICU (triangles; n = 12). Differences between data sets were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. *P ≤ .036; **P ≤ .0054; ***P ≤ .0002. B, Pearson correlation analysis of the absolute T-cell number correlation with disease severity (n = 58), P < .0001. C and D, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ; C) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; D) secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of unexposed donors (dots; n = 15–16), convalescent donors (squares; n = 17 and n = 7, respectively) and COVID-19 patients stratified by disease severity to ICU-critical (rhombuses; n = 16), ICU-recovered (inverted triangles; n = 7), and non-ICU (triangles; n = 12 and n = 9, respectively). Each dot represents an individual donor. Differences between data sets were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. *P ≤ .04; **P ≤ .0085; ***P ≤ .0006; ****P < .0001. E, IFN-γ secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of convalescent donors (dots; n = 17) and vaccinated donors (triangles; n = 11). Each dot represents an individual donor. Differences between data sets were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. ****P < .0001. F, IFN-γ– and TNF-α–producing circulating SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells and immunoglobulin G levels in individual donors during convalescence phase (dark colored boxes; n = 3-7) and postconvalescence phase (light colored boxes; n = 5-7). Differences between data sets were analyzed using a 2-tailed Student t test. *P ≤ .04. Abbreviations: CoV-2-ST, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–specific T cell; ICU, intensive care unit; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IgG, immunoglobulin G; NCAP, Nucleocapsid protein; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; RBD, receptor-binding domain; SFC, spot-forming cell; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.