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. 2021 Apr 27:bbab118. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbab118

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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The ZNF protein activity is negatively correlated with virus loads but positively correlated with certain immune cells. (A) Differences in overall ZNF protein activity between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls with different viral loads in the pharynx. The C_t value represents the content of the SARS-CoV-2 pharynx, and the quartile value is used to determine the low, medium and high viral loads. (B) Correlation between pharynx viral loads and the overall ZNF protein activity in COVID-19 patients. (C) The correlation between the viral load of the pharynx and the mRNA level of a single ZNF family gene in COVID-19 patients. (D) UMAP cluster diagram shows the single-cell distribution of healthy control, mild and severe COVID-19 patients. (E) Stacked box chart shows the changes in cell proportions in healthy, mild and severe patients. (F) Box chart displays the overall ZNF protein antiviral activity of patients with different disease classes (healthy, mild and severe). (G) Box chart displays the overall ZNF protein antiviral activity in CD16 monocytes, CD14 monocytes, CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells of different disease classes (healthy, mild and severe). (H) Correlation between the abundance of throat immune cells and the overall ZNF protein activity in COVID-19 patients. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical significance.