Table 1.
Summary statistics of the study variables by county political partisanship (N = county-month observations)
| All Counties (N = 31 400 county-month observations based on 3140 counties) | Democratic Counties (4860 county-month observations based on 486 counties) | Republican Counties (26 540 county-month observations based on 2654 counties) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death COVID-19 Cases [Mean (SD)] | 8.8 (61.0) | 34.1 (146.4) | 4.1 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Confirmed COVID-19 Cases [Mean (SD)] | 455.4 (2186.8) | 1536.1 (4893.7) | 257.5 (1010.1) | <0.001 |
| Metropolitan Counties [n (%)] | 11 810 (37.6) | 3090 (63.6) | 8720 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| Micropolitan Counties [n (%)] | 6600 (21.0) | 870 (17.9) | 5730 (21.6) | |
| Rural Counties [n (%)] | 13 010 (41.4) | 900 (18.5) | 12 090 (45.6) | |
| Population density per square mile [Mean (SD)] | 259.3 (1724.7) | 1149.8 (4238.8) | 96.2 (240.5) | <0.001 |
| Total hospital beds (per 1000 population) [Mean (SD)] | 3.0 (4.9) | 3.3 (6.5) | 2.9 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Health status (CMS HCC score) [Mean (SD)] | 1.0 (.1) | 1.0 (.1) | 0.9 (.1) | <0.001 |
| Percent population ≥ 65 years [Mean (SD)] | 18.8 (4.7) | 16.2 (4.1) | 19.3 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment rate [Mean (SD)] | 4.1 (1.5) | 4.4 (1.7) | 4.1 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Percent population Black or African American [Mean (SD)] | 8.8 (14.4) | 21.3 (23.9) | 6.4 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Percent population Hispanic/Latino [Mean (SD)] | 8.3 (13.2) | 14.9 (21.3) | 7.1 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Percent population Other Race [Mean (SD)] | 0.1 (.1) | .2 (.3) | .1 (.1) | <0.001 |
| Median household income (/$1000) [Mean (SD)] | 51.1 (13.5) | 55.5 (20.2) | 50.3 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Time Period: | 1.00 | |||
| Time 1 (10 February 2020 to 10 March 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 2 (11 March 2020 to 9 April 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 3 (10 April 2020 to 9 May 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 4 (10 May 2020 to 8 June 020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 5 (9 June 2020 to 8 July 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 6 (9 July 2020 to 7 August 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 7 (8 August 2020 to 6 September 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 8 (7 September 2020 to 6 October 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 9 (7 October 2020 to 5 November 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |
| Time 10 (6 November 2020 to 5 December 2020) [n (%)] | 3140 (10.0) | 486 (10.0) | 2654 (10.0) | |