Table 1.

Recommendations to Address Key Knowledge Gaps Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Immunocompromised Patients

Knowledge Gap	Focus of Research
SARS-CoV-2 biology in immunocompromised patients	Defining risk of severe and fatal disease by the type and degree of immunodeficiency
	Managing preexisting immunosuppressive therapies in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19
	Quantifying viral replication dynamics including plasma RNAemia and viral burden in respiratory tracts
	Determining duration of infectiousness
	Determining frequency of intrahost viral evolution
	Profiling immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients	Longitudinal studies of antibody, B-cell, and T-cell responses in vaccinated immunocompromised patients
	Determining safety and efficacy of vaccines, with a focus on allograft rejection and risk factors for vaccine failure
	Evaluating the mechanisms of vaccine-breakthrough infections
Efficacy of pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 prevention in immunocompromised patients	Studies of pre- or postexposure prophylaxis using monoclonal antibodies
	Studies of pre- or postexposure prophylaxis using direct-acting antivirals
Best practices for management of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients	Observational studies of the impact of immunomodulatory therapies on clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients with COVID-19
	Observational studies of the risk of opportunistic infections associated with the use of immunomodulatory therapies
	Clinical trials in immunocompromised patients of antivirals that have activity against SARS-CoV-2 (eg, small molecules and antibodies)
	Clinical trials of adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-2 T cells in immunocompromised hosts

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.