Table 1.
Sample characteristics across vaccine hesitancy in a sample (N = 1007) of the Austrian adult population
| Characteristics | Vaccine hesitancy | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No or little hesitancy (n = 363) | Undecided (n = 230) | Intermediate or high hesitancy (n = 414) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Gender | |||
| Men | 203 (55.9) | 117 (50.9) | 178 (43.0) |
| Age | |||
| <35 years | 106 (29.2) | 91 (39.6) | 124 (30.0) |
| 35–54 years | 147 (40.5) | 105 (45.6) | 224 (54.1) |
| 55–59 years | 53 (14.6) | 20 (8.7) | 34 (8.2) |
| ≥60 years | 57 (15.7) | 14 (6.1) | 32 (7.7) |
| Region of residence | |||
| Burgenland | 13 (3.6) | 8 (3.5) | 17 (4.1) |
| Carinthia | 22 (6.1) | 10 (4.4) | 28 (6.7) |
| Lower Austria | 66 (18.2) | 49 (21.3) | 96 (23.2) |
| Salzburg | 17 (4.7) | 15 (6.5) | 30 (7.3) |
| Styria | 53 (14.6) | 27 (11.7) | 57 (13.8) |
| Tyrol | 21 (5.8) | 18 (7.8) | 28 (6.8) |
| Upper Austria | 51 (14.1) | 26 (11.3) | 54 (13.0) |
| Vienna | 113 (31.1) | 70 (30.4) | 79 (19.1) |
| Vorarlberg | 7 (1.9) | 7 (3.0) | 25 (6.0) |
| Area of residence | |||
| Urban | 197 (54.3) | 105 (45.6) | 170 (41.1) |
| Rural | 166 (45.7) | 125 (54.4) | 244 (58.9) |
| Education | |||
| High school or less | 123 (33.9) | 86 (37.4) | 191 (46.1) |
| Matura (university entry exam) | 148 (40.8) | 96 (41.7) | 139 (33.6) |
| University degree | 92 (25.3) | 48 (20.9) | 84 (20.3) |
| Child, <16 years | 85 (23.4) | 75 (32.6) | 118 (28.5) |
| Political party preference | |||
| Governing | 201 (55.4) | 124 (53.9) | 154 (37.2) |
| Opposition | 97 (26.7) | 54 (23.5) | 135 (32.6) |
| Did not vote (last elections) | 65 (17.9) | 52 (22.6) | 125 (30.2) |
| Optimism [quartiles] | |||
| Low | 71 (19.4) | 27 (11.7) | 90 (21.7) |
| Low-intermediate | 83 (22.9) | 83 (36.1) | 117 (28.3) |
| Intermediate-high | 97 (26.8) | 61 (26.5) | 94 (22.7) |
| High | 112 (30.9) | 59 (25.7) | 113 (27.3) |
| Resilience [quartiles] | |||
| Low | 80 (22.0) | 73 (31.8) | 92 (22.2) |
| Low-intermediate | 99 (27.3) | 58 (25.2) | 101 (24.4) |
| Intermediate-high | 86 (23.7) | 50 (21.7) | 88 (21.3) |
| High | 98 (27.0) | 49 (21.3) | 133 (32.1) |
| Need for cognitive closure [quartiles] | |||
| Low | 94 (25.9) | 58 (25.2) | 91 (21.9) |
| Low-intermediate | 82 (22.6) | 72 (31.3) | 103 (24.9) |
| Intermediate-high | 83 (22.9) | 44 (19.1) | 98 (23.7) |
| High | 104 (28.7) | 56 (24.4) | 122 (29.5) |
| Main source to inform oneself about measures/recommendations | |||
| TV | 216 (59.5) | 100 (43.5) | 226 (54.6) |
| Newspaper (paper format) | 76 (20.9) | 35 (15.2) | 70 (16.9) |
| Newspaper (online format) | 102 (28.1) | 54 (23.5) | 99 (23.9) |
| Radio | 69 (19.0) | 37 (16.1) | 69 (16.7) |
| Official web pages of the Austrian ministries | 86 (23.7) | 61 (26.5) | 62 (15.0) |
| Social media | 53 (14.6) | 50 (21.7) | 99 (23.9) |
| Friends/kin | 35 (9.6) | 27 (11.7) | 44 (10.6) |
| Frequency of informing oneself | |||
| More than once a day | 131 (36.1) | 66 (28.7) | 91 (22.0) |
| Once a day | 147 (40.5) | 84 (36.5) | 164 (39.6) |
| Several times a week | 68 (18.7) | 55 (23.9) | 87 (21.0) |
| Weekly or less often | 17 (4.7) | 25 (10.9) | 72 (17.4) |
| Perceived risk of infection between June–October 2020 | |||
| Negligible | 38 (10.5) | 20 (8.7) | 100 (24.2) |
| Low | 156 (42.9) | 116 (50.4) | 186 (44.9) |
| Intermediate | 124 (34.2) | 73 (31.7) | 94 (22.7) |
| High | 45 (12.4) | 21 (9.1) | 34 (8.2) |
| Subjective health status | |||
| Very good | 97 (26.7) | 55 (23.9) | 128 (30.9) |
| Good | 185 (51.0) | 116 (50.4) | 175 (42.3) |
| Fair, bad or very bad | 81 (22.3) | 59 (25.7) | 111 (26.8) |
| Overall adherence to measures | |||
| Yes, to protect my health | 279 (79.5) | 146 (68.5) | 182 (50.4) |
| Yes, do want to quarantine | 112 (31.9) | 62 (29.1) | 95 (26.3) |
| Yes, do approve measures | 210 (59.8) | 105 (49.3) | 114 (31.6) |
| Yes, to protect my family’s health | 247 (70.4) | 133 (62.4) | 177 (49.0) |
| Yes, to protect the population’s health | 192 (54.7) | 90 (42.3) | 101 (28.0) |
| Yes, the government said so | 92 (26.2) | 46 (21.6) | 112 (31.0) |
| Yes, do not want to cause death | 136 (38.8) | 68 (31.9) | 72 (19.9) |
| No, COVID-19 is no danger | 4 (33.3) | 5 (29.4) | 20 (37.7) |
| No, did not approve measures | 6 (50.0) | 8 (47.1) | 30 (56.6) |
| No, did not understand measures | 3 (25.0) | 3 (17.7) | 9 (17.0) |
| No, burden for economy | 1 (8.3) | 5 (29.4) | 11 (20.8) |
| No, social burden | 3 (25.0) | 3 (17.8) | 21 (39.6) |
| Change in quality of life (compared to before COVID) | |||
| Decrease | 109 (30.0) | 74 (32.2) | 129 (31.2) |
| No change | 212 (58.4) | 125 (54.3) | 239 (57.7) |
| Increase | 42 (11.6) | 31 (13.5) | 46 (11.1) |