Fig. 2. Foot process effacement in FSGS.

Visualization of foot process effacement in podocytes using focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy tomography. Individual podocytes are shown in different colours. a | Foot processes of healthy rat podocytes exhibit a uniform width. b | In diseased podocytes (from rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis), this uniformity in the foot processes width is lost. c | With disease progression, the podocytes form a large adhesive surface. The yellow masses represent cytoplasmic fragments without connection to neighbouring podocytes. Adapted with permission from ref.³⁹, American Society of Nephrology.