Fig. 7.

a Gene expression data showing upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) by esomeprazole (100 μM) in human IPF lung fibroblasts. The data also shows that selective inhibition of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) with trigonelline (1 μM) impaired the induction of HO1 by esomeprazole. *p < 0.05 compared to esomeprazole alone. b Genetic deletion of Nrf2 (Nrf2−/−) impaired activation of HO1 by esomeprazole. Lung fibroblasts from Nrf2−/− mice were incubated with esomeprazole for 1–6 h. ACTB is used as a loading control. Crtl = control. Data is representative of three independent experiments