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. 2021 May 20;10:16. doi: 10.1186/s40035-021-00240-7

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Milestones of the development of antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics (excluding siRNA) from bench to bedside. Approved drugs in red are splice-switching antisense oligomers. AO: antisense oligonucleotides; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration; CMV: cytomegalovirus retinitis (in immunocompromised patients); HoFH: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; DMD: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; SMA: spinal muscular atrophy; HTA: Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis; BD: Batten disease.