Fig. 1.

Radiosensitising effect of 2DG and metformin as single agents. The clonogenic survival of UVW/NAT cells following 24-h treatment with a 1, 5, or 10 mM 2DG or c 1, 5, or 10 mM metformin in the presence 1–4 Gy X-radiation (administered at the beginning of drug treatment). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) and the dose enhancement factor observed at the 50% kill level (DEF₅₀) are shown. b Growth inhibition of SK-N-BE(2c)-derived multicellular spheroids (n = 3) after 24-h treatment with 4 Gy X-radiation or 10 mM 2DG, as single agents or in combination. Data expressed as percentage are under the volume-time curve (AUC) with representative spheroids shown after 21-day treatment, × 5 magnification. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to untreated control cells. All data are mean ± SEM from 3 experimental repeats