TABLE 3.
Echocardiographic Parameters and BNP in the Control Group and PEC Groups (PEC-cHTN vs. PEC no-cHTN)
| Control (n = 36) | PEC-cHTN (n =17) | PEC no-cHTN (n = 46) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Right ventricular parameters | ||||
| RVSP, mm Hg | 22.5 ± 6.1 | 28.6 ± 9.4 | 31.7 ± 7.3 | <0.001* |
| RA area, cm2 | 14.6 ± 3.2 | 14.6 ± 2.8 | 15.0 ± 3.0 | 0.750 |
| IVC, cm | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.596 |
| RV FAC, % | 49.6 (46.0–54.0) | 50.6 (45.0–58.0) | 49.5 (45.0–58.0) | 0.770 |
| S′, cm/s | 14.7 ± 2.3 | 16.1 ± 3.5 | 15.4 ± 3.1 | 0.299 |
| TAPSE, cm | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 0.060 |
| Basal RV longitudinal strain, % | −24.1 ± 8.2 | −20.1 ± 10.0 | −19.3 ± 8 | 0.026 |
| Mid RV longitudinal strain, % | −22.4 ± 6.4 | −19.6 ± 4.5 | −19.9 ± 6.9 | 0.07 |
| Apical RV longitudinal strain, % | −25.2 ± 6.4 | −17.3 ± 11.5 | −20.4 ± 6.9 | 0.01 |
| Global RV longitudinal strain, % | −23.8 ± 2.9 | −19.1 ± 4.0 | −19.8 ± 3.0 | <0.001* |
| Left ventricular parameters | ||||
| LA area, cm2 | 17.3 ± 2.9 | 20.5 ± 3.8 | 20.0 ± 3.9 | <0.001* |
| LV septal wall thickness, cm | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | <0.001* |
| LV posterior wall thickness, cm | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 0.9 (0.9–1.1) | <0.001* |
| LVEF, % | 61.2 ± 5.1 | 66.1 ± 4.6 | 63.3 ± 6.1 | 0.012 |
| Mitral E, cm/s | 84.3 ± 17.9 | 97.8 ± 18.9 | 98.8 ± 24.4 | 0.009 |
| Mitral A, cm/s | 57.3 ± 12.7 | 71.1 ± 27.2 | 76.1 ± 21.6 | <0.001* |
| Mitral septal e′, cm/s | 11.6 ± 1.9 | 8.9 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | <0.001* |
| Mitral E/e′ ratio | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 11.4 ± 2.7 | 10.6 ± 2.9 | <0.001* |
| Mitral E/A ratio | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.4 (1.0–1.7) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.261 |
| Mitral DT, ms | 198.3 ± 38.0 | 195.7 ± 35.0 | 192.4 ± 53.0 | 0.917 |
| Basal LV longitudinal strain, % | −16.8 ± 2.3 | −13.7 ± 9.8 | −16.0 ± 2.4 | 0.15 |
| Mid LV longitudinal strain, % | −19.0 ± 2.5 | −17.1 ± 2.5 | −17.5 ± 2.2 | 0.018 |
| Apical LV longitudinal strain, % | −24.8 ± 3.2 | −23.2 ± 2.9 | −24.4 ± 3.2 | 0.17 |
| Global LV longitudinal strain, % | −20.1 ± 1.5 | −18.8 ± 1.5 | −19.2 ± 1.5 | 0.02 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 44.0 (20.0–81.0) | 57.0 (20.0–106.0) | 61.0 (26.0–110.0) | 0.434 |
Values are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). The threshold of significance is p < 0.001. There were no statistically significant differences between PEC-cHTN versus PEC no-cHTN groups (p values not shown).
*
Statistically significant difference between control versus PEC-cHTN and control versus PEC no-cHTN groups.
PEC = pre-eclampsia with severe features; PEC-cHTN = pre-eclampsia with pre-existing chronic hypertension; PEC no-cHTN = pre-eclampsia without pre-existing chronic hypertension; other abbreviations as in Table 2.