Table 1. Comparison of sociodemographic, professional, and clinical variables between the three groups according to schizophrenia stigma.
| Variable | Total n=391 | Highest stigma n=202 (51.7%) | Intermediate n=108 (27.6%) | Lowest stigma n=81 (20.7%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |||||
| Sex* | |||||
| Female | 167 (42.8) | 88 (43.8) | 46 (42.6) | 33 (40.7) | 0.89 |
| Male | 223 (57.2) | 113 (56.2) | 62 (57.4) | 48 (59.3) | |
| Age, median (IQI) | 39.0 (32.0/53.0) | 41.0 (34.0/54.0) | 38.0 (31.0/49.0) | 38.0 (31.5/49.5) | 0.08† |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 263 (67.3) | 140 (69.3) | 68 (63.0) | 55 (67.9) | 0.52 |
| Not married | 128 (32.7) | 62 (30.7) | 40 (37.0) | 26 (32.1) | |
| Religion | |||||
| Yes | 286 (73.1) | 143 (70.8) | 81 (75.0) | 62 (76.5) | 0.54 |
| No | 105 (26.9) | 59 (29.2) | 27 (25.0) | 19 (23.5) | |
| Professional | |||||
| Years since graduation, median (IQI) | 13.0 (7.0/26.0) | 15.0 (8.0/30.0) | 12.0 (6.0/22.0) | 11.0 (5.0/23.0) | 0.048† § |
| Graduate education | |||||
| Yes (MSc and/or PhD) | 96 (24.6) | 56 (27.7) | 23 (21.3) | 17 (21.0) | 0.32 |
| No | 295 (75.4) | 146 (72.3) | 85 (78.7) | 64 (79.0) | |
| Work, predominantly | |||||
| Private | 276 (70.6) | 148 (73.3) | 73 (67.6) | 55 (67.9) | 0.48 |
| Public | 115 (29.4) | 54 (26.7) | 35 (32.4) | 26 (32.1) | |
| Teaching activities* ‡ | |||||
| Yes | 223 (57.2) | 115 (57.2) | 62 (57.4) | 46 (56.8) | 1.00 |
| No | 167 (42.8) | 86 (42.8) | 46 (42.6) | 35 (43.2) | |
| Clinical | |||||
| STAI total scores, mean (±SD) | 34.5 (7.8) | 35.5 (8.4) | 33.0 (7.2) | 33.9 (6.9) | 0.03|| |
| PANAS positive, mean (±SD) | 35.0 (6.0) | 33.8 (6.2) | 36.6 (5.4) | 36.2 (5.5) | < 0.001§ || |
| PANAS negative, mean (±SD) | 16.7 (4.8) | 17.2 (5.1) | 15.9 (4.1) | 16.8 (5.0) | 0.07 |
| BFI, mean (±SD) | |||||
| Openness | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | 0.23 |
| Conscientiousness | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | 0.68 |
| Extroversion | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.7) | 0.55 |
| Agreeableness | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 0.21 |
| Neuroticism | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.7) | 0.07 |
| Family history of psychiatric treatment* | |||||
| Yes | 263 (67.4) | 136 (67.7) | 73 (67.6) | 54 (66.7) | 0.99 |
| No | 127 (32.6) | 65 (32.3) | 35 (32.4) | 27 (33.3) |
Data presented as n (%), unless otherwise specified.
BFI = Big Five Inventory; IQI = interquartile interval; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; SD = standard deviation; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait subscale.
*
No information for one participant.
†
Kruskal-Wallis test.
‡
Undergraduate or graduate.
§
Between highest and lowest.
||
Between highest and intermediate.