Table 3.
Risk factors for insomnia among frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (N=963).
| Characteristic | Insomniaa, odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age group (years) | |||
|
|
18-29 | Reference | N/Ab |
|
|
30-49 | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) | .63 |
|
|
≥50 | 1.3 (0.7-2.4) | .49 |
| Gender | |||
|
|
Male | Reference | N/A |
|
|
Female | 1.6 (1.1-2.4) | .02 |
| Black race | 1.5 (0.8-2.7) | .24 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 2.2 (1.4-3.5) | <.001 | |
| No significant other | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | .18 | |
| Career role | |||
|
|
Physician | Reference | N/A |
|
|
Nonphysician | 2.4 (1.7-3.4) | <.001 |
| Prior sleep disorder | 4.3 (2.7-6.9) | <.001 | |
| Cared for patients with COVID-19 | 1.8 (1.2-2.8) | .008 | |
aAs measured by the Insomnia Sleep Index (ISI); insomnia was defined by ISI scores qualifying as moderate to severe insomnia (>14) [21].
bN/A: not applicable.