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. 2021 May 19;11:10597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90094-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Three-month intranasal delivery of allogeneic mitochondria increases activity and improves behavior of Parkinson’s disease rats. (A) The rotational response to apormorphine in each experimental group relative to wild type was calculated by normalizing the number of ipsilateral rotations during a 60 min period. (B) Locomotor activity represents spontaneous movement in an open field during a 15-min observation period. The open-field test quantified the average velocity, zone-crossing frequency, duration of mobility, and distance traveled. In all graphs, values from treated animals were normalized to those of wild-type controls. +P < 0.05, vs. WT; *P < 0.05, vs. sham; WT wild-type controls, PD Parkinson’s disease, Sham vehicle alone, Mito mitochondrial alone, P-Mito Pep-1-labelled mitochondria.